In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods.
In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning 1.6 kilometres long has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs .
The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year he also built the first lightning rod (避雷针). This device protects buildings from being damaged by lightning.
Modern science has discovered that one stroke of lightning has a voltage (电压) of more than 15 million volts (伏特). A flash of lightning between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second.
Scientists judge that there are about 2,000 million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States alone it kills an average of one person every day.
The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car. Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under tress. Also on,e should stay out of water and away from metal fences. Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things.
With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry

  1. 1.

    People once thought lightning came from ________

    1. A.
      the gods
    2. B.
      the earth
    3. C.
      the sky
    4. D.
      nature
  2. 2.

    According to the passage what do you think all buildings need?

    1. A.
      Metal fences
    2. B.
      Machines
    3. C.
      Electricity
    4. D.
      Lightning rods
  3. 3.

    Lightning can travel ________

    1. A.
      as quickly as water
    2. B.
      not so quickly as electricity
    3. C.
      at very high speed
    4. D.
      at very low speed
  4. 4.

    Which of the following is NOT true?

    1. A.
      In the U.S about one person per day dies from lightning
    2. B.
      Swimming during a thunder storm is a good idea
    3. C.
      The Empire State Building frequently gets hit by lightning
    4. D.
      A closed car is the best place to be during an electrical storm

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily difficulties.People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people protect themselves from illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First, friends, relatives and coworkers may let us know that they value us.Our self respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties.Second, other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to explain and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third, we typically find social companionship supportive.Engaging in leisure time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distract(转移…注意力)us from our worries and troubles.Finally, other people may give us important support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us solve and deal with our problems.

  1. 1.

    Research shows that people’s physical and mental health has much to do with      

    1. A.
      the social medical system
    2. B.
      the amount of support they get from others
    3. C.
      their strength for dealing with interpersonal ties
    4. D.
      their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
  2. 2.

    The underlined word “cushions” probably means “    

    1. A.
      adds up to
    2. B.
      decreases the effect of
    3. C.
      gets rid of
    4. D.
      lays the foundation for
  3. 3.

    Social companionship is beneficial in that it

    1. A.
      helps strengthen our ties with relatives
    2. B.
      enables us to get rid of our faults and mistakes
    3. C.
      makes our leisure time activities more enjoyable
    4. D.
      draws our attention away from our worries and troubles

Hobbs was an orphan(孤儿). He worked in a factory and every day he got a little money. Hard work changed him thin and weak. He wanted to borrow a lot of money to learn to paint pictures, but he did not think he could pay off the debts.One day the lawyer said to him, “One thousand dollars, and here is the money.” As Hobbs took the package of notes, he was very dumbfounded(目瞪口呆的). He didn’t know where the money came from and how to spend it. He said to himself, “I could go to find a hotel and live like a rich man for a few days; or I give up my work in the factory and do what I’d like to do: painting pictures I could do that for a few weeks, but what would I do after that? I should have lost my place of the factory and have no money to live on. If it were a little less money, I would buy a new coat, or a radio, or give a dinner to my friends. If it were more, I could give up the work and pay for painting pictures. But it’s too much for one and too little for the other.”
“Here is the reading of your uncle’s will(遗嘱),” said the lawyer, “telling what is to be done with this money after his death. I must ask you to remember one point. Your uncle has said you must bring me a paper showing exactly what you did with his money, as soon as you have spent it.”
“Yes, I see. I’ll do that.” said the young man

  1. 1.

    He wanted to borrow money because he wanted to_____

    1. A.
      study abroad
    2. B.
      work abroad
    3. C.
      pay for the debts
    4. D.
      learn to paint pictures
  2. 2.

    Hobbs was dumbfounded on receiving the money because he thought_____

    1. A.
      the money was too much
    2. B.
      the money was too little
    3. C.
      he would be dismissed
    4. D.
      the lawyer meant to punish him
  3. 3.

    With the money he got, first Hobbs_____

    1. A.
      planned to have a happy life for a few days
    2. B.
      decided to give up his work in the office
    3. C.
      was to give a dinner to his friends
    4. D.
      had no idea what to do
  4. 4.

    What Hobbs was asked to do was_____

    1. A.
      to tell the lawyer what he did with the money after spending it
    2. B.
      to read his uncle’s will
    3. C.
      to tell the lawyer what was to be done with the money
    4. D.
      nothing but to buy some pictures
  5. 5.

    What Hobbs really loved to do was_____

    1. A.
      working in the factory
    2. B.
      living in a fine hotel
    3. C.
      painting pictures
    4. D.
      saving the money

Artistic Skates
Artistic roller skates are made up of a leather boot, very strong sole plate, and a jump bar that adds extra force. The boot sits a few inches above the ankle, providing more support for the foot.
Jam Skates
Jam skates are the most different roller skates because of their special low-cut design and lack of toe stop. That’s right: there is no brake. But the original jam skate design was different, resembling an artistic skate. Jam skating is more about personal expression rather than speed skating. The free-flowing movements of jam skating have been given many names. But regardless of its name, jam skating has always been about expression and passion.
Speed Skates
A speed skate resembles a shoe. The cut of the boot is lower. Speed skates typically offer lightweight plates to reduce exhaustion for skating long distances. Jam skates have preferred speed skates because they offer a similar design and freedom of movement. The most obvious difference is that a speed skate features a toe stop, unlike a jam skate that uses a toe plug.
Rhythm Skates
Rhythm skates are similar to jam skates. The difference between them lies in the boot design. In fact, the boot design looks very similar to an artistic skate, essentially providing you with the ankle support benefits of an artistic skate, but the freedom of movement of a jam skate. If you want a skate that allows you to move to the beat, which added ankle support, the rhythm skate is the ideal choice

  1. 1.

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of jam skates?

    1. A.
      They have no brake
    2. B.
      They lack a toe stop
    3. C.
      They have no toe plug
    4. D.
      They have a unique, low-cut design
  2. 2.

    If you want to skate to music, which of the following is the best choice?

    1. A.
      Rhythm skates
    2. B.
      Jam skates
    3. C.
      Speed skates
    4. D.
      Artistic skates
  3. 3.

    Speed skates are popular with jam skates because _____

    1. A.
      they have a high boot cut
    2. B.
      they allow free-flowing movement
    3. C.
      they are able to stabilize the foot
    4. D.
      they can help jam skates reduce tiredness
  4. 4.

    What is a common feature of rhythm and jam skates?

    1. A.
      They both offer some support for the ankles
    2. B.
      They both have a similar boot design
    3. C.
      They are both suitable for free-flowing movement
    4. D.
      They are both about personal expression and passion
  5. 5.

    What can you learn from the passage about jam skates?

    1. A.
      The original jam skate design has hardly changed
    2. B.
      The original jam skate design was similar to an artistic skate
    3. C.
      Jam skates have gradually become a type of speed skate
    4. D.
      Jam skating has many names because it’s about expression and passion
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