题目内容

It would be pleasant to believe that all young girls in the past got married for romantic reasons; but the fact is that many of them regarded marriage as their only chance to gain independence from their parents, to have a provider, or to be assured of a good place in society. A couple of generations ago, an old maid of twenty-five did not have much to look forward to. She was more or less fated to remain with her parents or to live in some relative’s home where she would help with the chores and the children. Not so any more. In the first place, women remain young much longer than they used to, and an unmarried woman of twenty-eight or thirty does not feel that her life is over. Besides, since she’s probably working and supporting herself, she is free to marry only when and if she chooses. As a result today’s women tend to marry later in life. They have fewer children-or none at all―if they prefer to devote themselves to their professions . The result is a decline in the birthrate.

The new role that women have developed for themselves has changed family life. Children are raised differently; they spend more time with adults who are not their parents; baby-sitters, day-care center personnel, relatives, or neighbors. Whether they gain or lose in the process is a hotly debated question. Some child experts believe that young children must spend all their time with their mother if they are to grow sound in body and mind. Others think that children get more from a mother who spends with them “quality time” (a time of fun and relaxation set aside for them) rather than hours of forced and unhappy baby-sitting. And many child psychologists point out that children kept in day-care centers every day are brighter than those raised at home. No matter what it is, one thing about child raising to be certain of is that the longer the child is with the mother, the better.

 

68.Which of the following is the reason for young girls’ marriage in the past ?

       A.Marriage was one of the chances to get freedom.

       B.They could find happiness through marriage.

       C.They preferred to devote themselves to housework.

       D.They wanted to find a good place in society.

69.We can conclude from the passage a decrease in the birthrate is because         .

       A.a good many women still depend on their parents

       B.raising children is a great burden for many families

       C.many women would like to remain young forever

       D.more and more women are concentrating on their careers

70.The underlined word “sound” means         .

       A.bright                 B.healthy               C.tall                      D.strong

71.Which of the following is being discussed in the passage ?

       A.How long children should stay with their parents?

       B.Where children should be raised?

       C.Whether children should stay with their parents?

       D.How children should be raised?

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 I had my first job at the age of thirteen, when a friend of my mother’s who owned a book shop  36 me for six hours a week to help her in the shop. I was very  37 to earn my own pocket money and my parents  38 interfered with how I spent it, even when I was spending it  39 . They believed that by earning money, spending it, and learning from the  40 , I would become more mature and  41  about how to handle work, relationships with others, and money.

  Like many  42 parents, my parents also let me and my brothers do things over which they  43 a great deal. When I was sixteen, for example, after I finished high school and before I entered university, I wanted to spend the summer months traveling around  44 . My mother was against the idea of my traveling alone at such a young age, but my father felt that it would be a great  45 for me. In the end, my father won the  46 on the condition that I limited my traveling to France, my mother’s home, where I had many uncles, aunts and cousins  47 through the country who could  48 shelter and help if I needed them.

  Three years later, my younger brother decided to  49 a year off after his first year in university and travel through the United States and the Caribbean. Again my mother was very worried and not  50 to see my brother leave school, but my father encouraged him and my brother had a(n)  51 year working his way on trains and ships to  52 passage to different ports and cities, and discovering many fascinating places and people.

  These kinds of experiences are probably rare for children in many countries but in the US they are fairly  53 . Most parents start  54 their children at a young age to do small things by themselves. By the time they have finished high school, many American kids have already had part-time jobs, traveled around the US or other countries on their own, have  55 the university they plan to attend and maybe even decided on their future career, and so on.

  36. A. taught     B. allowed    C. treated     D. hired

  37. A. anxious    B. content    C. proud      D. hopeful

  38. A. never     B. ever      C. always     D. even

  39. A. quickly    B. foolishly   C. seriously    D. honestly

  40. A. work      B. mistakes    C. others     D. books

  41. A. strict     B. reasonable   C. polite     D. responsible

  42. A. American    B. Japanese    C. Chinese     D. British

  43. A. helped     B. supported   C. shared     D. worried

  44. A. Asia      B. Africa     C. Europe     D. Oceania

  45. A. journey    B. experience   C. chance     D. possibility

  46. A. argument    B. game      C. discussion   D. plan

  47. A. send out    B. give out    C. carry out    D. spread out

  48. A. promise    B. afford     C. provide     D. serve

  49. A. leave     B. make      C. take      D. prepare

  50. A. angry     B. eager     C. sorry      D. sad

  51. A. unusual    B. hard      C. strange     D. busy

  52. A. accept     B. earn      C. find      D. search

  53. A. welcome    B. fit      C. necessary    D. common

  54. A. bringing    B. forcing    C. pushing     D. protecting

  55. A. selected    B. admired    C. afforded    D. left


E
Could we "terraform" Mars —that is, change its frozen, thin-aired surface into something more friendly and Earthlike? Should we? The first question has a clear answer: Yes, we probably could.Spacecraft, including the ones now exploring Mars, have found evidence that it was warm in its youth, with rivers flowing into vast seas.And right here on Earth, we've learned how to warm a planet: just add greenhouse gases to its atmosphere.Much of the CO2 that once warmed Mars is probably still there, in frozen dirt and polar ice caps, and so is the water.
Most of the work in terraforming, says NASA scientist Chris Mackay, would be done by life itself. "You don't build Mars," Mackay says."You just warm it up and throw some seeds." Powerful greenhouse gases could be produced from elements in dirt and air on Mars and blown into the atmosphere; by warming the planet, they would release the frozen CO2, which would quicken the warming and increase atmospheric pressure to the point where liquid water could flow.Meanwhile, says botanist James Graham of the University of Wisconsin, human settlers could seed the red rock with a succession (系列) of ecosystems ?first bacteria and lichens (地衣), which survive in Antarctica, later mosses (苔藓), and after one thousand years or so, redwoods.Getting breathable oxygen levels out of those forests, though, could take thousands of years.
However, Mars is in no immediate danger.Some space scientists recently recommended going to the moon or an asteroid (小行星) first, and pointed out the space agency lacks the funds to go anywhere.It didn't estimate the cost of gardening a dead planet.
72.What is the most essential to make Mars fit for living?
A.Turn ice into flowing water.          B.Clean the dirty atmosphere.
C.Make the atmosphere more suitable.    D.Go to the moon or an asteroid first.
73.What does the author think of the idea ofterraforming Mars?
A.We could do it.                            B.We couldn't do it.
C.We should do it.                           D.We shouldn't do it.
74.In the botanist's opinion, man needs to __________.
A.enable Mars to clean its atmosphere
B.build a greenhouse on Mars
C.send some people to settle on Mars
D.cultivate ecosystems from lower to higher life form
75.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Making Mars the New Earth.           B.A Good Way to Change the Universe
C.Humans' Great Power.                     D.Terrible Science and Technology.


Global emissions(排放)of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning jumped by the largest amount on record in 2010. Emissions rose 5.9 percent in 2010, according to an analysis released on Sunday by the Global Carbon Project.
Scientists said the increase was almost certainly the largest absolute jump in any year since the Industrial Revolution. The increase solidified a trend of ever-rising emissions that will make it difficult, if not impossible, to stop severe climate change in coming decades.
The burning of coal represented more than half of the growth in emissions, the analysis found. In the United States, emissions dropped by a remarkable 7 percent in the year of 2009, but rose by over 4 percent in 2010, the new analysis shows.
“Each year, emissions go up, and there’s another year of negotiations, another year of indecision,” said Glen P. Peters, a researcher at the Center for International Climate and Environmental Research. “There’s no evidence that this path we’ve been following in the last 10 years is going to change.”
Scientists say the rapid growth of emissions is warming the Earth and putting human welfare at long-term risk. But their increasingly urgent pleas that society find a way to limit emissions have met sharp political resistance in many countries because doing so would involve higher energy costs.
The new figures show a continuation of a trend in which developing countries have surpassed (超过) the wealthy countries in their overall greenhouse emissions. In 2010, the burning of fossil fuels and the production of cement (水泥) sent more than nine billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere, the new analysis found, with 57 percent of that coming from developing countries.
On the surface, the figures of recent years suggest that wealthy countries have made headway in stabilizing their emissions. But Dr. Peters pointed out that, in a sense, the rich countries have simply exported some of them.
The fast rise in developing countries has been caused to a large extent by the growth of energy-intensive manufacturing industries that make goods that rich countries import. “All that has changed is the location in which the emissions are being produced,” Dr. Peters said.
Many countries, as part of their response to the economic crisis, invested billions in programs designed to make their energy systems greener. While it is possible, the new numbers suggest they have had little effect so far.
【小题1】Many governments in the world resist limiting emissions because          .

A.it is not the best way to solve such problems
B.they don’t realize the risks of carbon emissions
C.it would probably harm human welfare in the long run
D.they are unwilling to accept higher energy costs
【小题2】According to Glen P. Peters, We can learn that          .
A.the rapid growth of emissions contributes to potential risks for humans
B.rich countries actually take more responsibility for the growth of emissions
C.human beings will follow the same path of negotiations in the next 10 years
D.some countries negotiate together yearly whether to reduce the amounts of emissions
【小题3】Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A.Emissions in the United States dropped by about 7 percent in 2010.
B.Developing countries will produce less emissions with economic development.
C.There is a long way to go for many countries to limit the fast growth of emissions.
D.Over 50 percent of the growth in emissions resulted from the burning of fossil fuels.
【小题4】The text mainly talks about          .
A.an analysis released by the Global Carbon Project
B.the record jump in carbon dioxide emissions
C.the possible climate change in future decades
D.the main harm of greenhouse gases

Going Zero Waste means more than just managing the rubbish we create.It means reducing it too.While it might seem like a difficult thing to do, it's well worth it.And what better time to start than Christmas?
We need to copy the way Nature wastes nothing.Many things are created by human society that we know will soon become useless and be thrown out.How many plastic bottles or even PCs end up in the rubbish bin? Instead,we should design products that can be more easily repaired,reused and recycled.
Kamikatsu, a Japanese village,has already gone Zero Waste.The 2,000 villagers compost their leftovers,and recycle everything else.There are 34 different boxes at the re-cycling centre! Residents grumble about the inconvenience,but they also see the benefits.
People who live Zero Waste lives are careful about what they do.They never take more than they need.Reusing plastic bags at supermarkets is a great way to reduce waste.And those who plan before they shop avoid having to throw food out later.Also,it’s best not to go food shopping when you’re hungry:You’ll be sure to buy too much!
Let’s think about how to enjoy a Zero Waste Christmas.By sending recyclable cards,we can help our friends and family reduce waste.And what better way to enjoy the spirit of Christmas than with a real tree that can be replanted in the spring?
Going Zero Waste requires us to think more about what happens before and after we act.It takes ambition,and it's not always easy.But just think how good it would be,both for ourselves and for the environment, if we never had to waste anything.
【小题1】When is this passage probably written?

A.After a Christmas.B.Before Zero Waste starts.
C.Before a Christmas.D.When Zero Waste is very popular.
【小题2】What should we do to reduce waste according to the passage?
A.To stop using plastic bottles or even PCs.
B.To create more things that can be repaired quickly.
C.To avoid sending cards on Christmas.
D.To copy the way Nature wastes nothing.
【小题3】If we want to live Zero Waste lives we should do the following except        .
A.taking no more than we need
B.reusing plastic bags
C.not going food shopping when we’re hungry
D.not making a plan before we shop
【小题4】What’s the main purpose of this passage?
A.To enjoy a clean Christmas.
B.To complain about the pollution.
C.To educate people to behave well.
D.To call on people to attend Zero Waste.

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