Question

12．In the United States，there were some well-constructed houses for native Indians，ranging from the simple brush shelter to the five-storied pueblo．
  In the eastern United States，one of the existing types was that commonl y know under the Algonkian name of wigwam in which the Iroquois Indians lived．The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends，made by bending young trees to form the round shape．Over this shape pieces of tree bark were laid to protect the Indians from bad weather．Over the bark dried grass was added．A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top．Doorways at each end served also as windows，The Iroquois Indians built trunk walls all around their villages．The wall had only one opening，They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near．
  Interestingly，the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi also lived in a wigwam of a most primitive（原始的） construction，but different from those of the Iroquois Indians．The Choctaw Indians'wigwams，made from mud，cane and straw，were in the form of a bee-hive．The covering was made of a long，tough grass．A post in the centre supported the roof．A hole in the top admitted the light，and allowed the smoke to pass out．
  The tipi tent-housing of the upper lake and plains area was put up with poles set lightly in the ground，tied together near the top，and covered with bark and grass in the lake country．It was easily portable，and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour．
  The Pawnee，Mandan and other Indian tribes （部落） along the Missouri built solid ring-shaped structures of trunk，covered with earth and dried grass，housing a dozen families．
  The Wichita and other tribes of the Texas border built large ring-shaped houses covered with dried grass．
  Apart from the regular housing，almost every tribe had some style of housing．

52．Which of the following pictures shows the house for the Iroquois Indians？A
53．According to the passage，the Pawnee Indians built their housesB．
A．with openings in the trunk walls    B．large enough for several families 
C．in a ring shape with bark and mud   D．by bending young trees t o form the shape
54．All the native Indian houses d escribed in the passage wereB．
A．of the same shape            B．covered with grass 
C．built with a post in the centre   D．built with doorways at each end
55．The passage suggests thatC
A．all the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses 
B．all the native Indian houses were built with poles tied together
C．the Iroquois Indians took safety into account while building their wigwams
D．the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends．

Answer 1

分析 本篇文章为记叙文．主要讲述了美国的土著居民印第安人的房屋结构和建房特点，展示了美国当地人的居住文化．

解答 52．A    细节理解题．根据第二段第二句"The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straightsides and ends…．"可知，这些小棚屋的四边和底部是直边，顶部像四轮马车，是由小树弯曲形成圆顶而组成，因此图片A符合题意，故选A．
53．B    细节理解题．根据第五段中"The Pawnee，Mandan and other Indian tribes…housing a dozen families．"可知，波尼，曼丹和其他印第安部落（部落）沿着密苏里与地球和干草覆盖躯干，建立了坚实的环形结构，可容纳十几户人家，故选B．
54．B    细节理解题．文章中出现的grass是Indian tribes建造房屋所必不可至少的东西．由此可知，印第安人的屋子都用草盖着．故B项正确．
55．C    推理判断题．根据第二段最后一句"They could quickly close this opening if theirenemies came near．"可以推断出，the Iroquois Indians建造房屋的时候把自身的安全考虑在内了．因此可推断出C项．

点评 解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案
推理判断题 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．