The causes of eating disorders are not clear. There may be genetic or biochemical factors in some cases. There may be psychological problems from early childhood or the present (such as school or fami 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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The causes of eating disorders are not clear. There may be genetic or biochemical factors in some cases. There may be psychological problems from early childhood or the present (such as school or family conflicts) that trigger the problem. Often, there is the double pressure to enjoy life through food and yet remain ultra-slim. Society all around us encourages eating and drinking as main ways to enjoy life- To be popular, you are supposed to eat. eat, eat.

But in real life most people, if they keep consuming like that, just keep pulling on more and more weight They then find themselves in conflict with another dominant pressure in society — to stay slim and trim. Models in ads, even those shown eating fairy foods, are usually physically lit and quite thin. All of these pressures put teens in a terrible situation. The ".solution" that some teens choose is to deny themselves all the time so as to keep temptation away. Bui soon, hunger and food boredom lead to overeating. Over time they develop anorexia or bulimia.

Once an eating disorder has become firmly established, there is no easy cure. Someone who's never suffered anorexia and never known an anorexic might be tempted to think. "It's simple — just tell them to eat more!" Unfortunately, it's not that simple. Even when anorexics have been brought into the hospital and arc receiving physical care, nutritional therapy, and psychiatric care, many don't improve much.

Our society's obsession with thinness, together with a constant emphasis on the theme that rich food means pleasure, puts many teens in a difficult situation. Being drawn to overeating on the one hand and self-denial on the other can bring about anorexia or bulimia — or both. Anorexics seem to feel that no matter how much weight they lose, they are still too fat Therefore, it is important for each person in our society to try to maintain a healthy and realistic self-image. Don't compare yourself with the models and actors in the media Set your sights more realistically by comparing yourself with family and friends, if anyone.

Self-denial is the typical first step toward an caring disorder. Eventually, desires for what you've denied yourself become unbearable, and you react with either a binge or overly fierce self-control. The answer is not of course to eat all the snacks and treat you fancy. But 10 avoid that first step that leads to overeating, strive for a good and healthy diet Such a diet is based primarily on grain products, fruits, and vegetables, with moderate amounts of meat and dairy products and with small amounts of snacks and desserts. Research demonstrates that this kind of diet leaves you more alert and energetic.

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But there is more to books and writing than this. If we think about it, even realistic writing is only 36 . How can we tell the difference between what is real and what is not real? For example, when we read about Harry Potter ,we 37 seem to learn something about the real world. And when Harry studies magic at Hogwarts, he also learns more about his real life than 38 . Reading, like writing, is an action. It is a way of 39 . When we read or write something ,we do much more than simple look at words on a page. We use our 40--which is real—and our imagination—which is real in a different way --- to make the words come to life in our minds.
Both realism and fantasy(幻想) 41 the imagination and the “magic” of reading and writing to make us think. When we read 42 realistic, we have to imagine that the people we are reading about are just like us, even though we 43 that we are real and they are 44 . It sounds 45 ,but it works. When we read, we fill in missing information and 46 about the causes and effects of what a character does. We help the writer by 47 that what we read is like real life. In a way, we are writing the book, too.
Most of us probably don’t think about what is going on in our 48 when we are reading. We pick up a book and lose 49 in a good story, eager to find out what will happen next. Knowing how we feel 50 we read can help us become better readers, and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books.

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病） of sleepiness in the nation．“I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr．David．Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest．

The beginning of our sleep-deficit（lack）crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago．From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night．“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark．” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock．“People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr．David．“They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic. ”

Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day．Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs．“In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5．5 hours’ sleep．If you’ve got to get 8．5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition．”

To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier．“We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr．David．“Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate．”

1.What is the main topic of the passage?

A. The history of people’s sleeping patterns．

B. The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times．

C. Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit．

D. The minimum of our sleeping hours．

2.Which of the following is Dr．David’s opinion?

A. People’s metal power suffers if they are lacking in sleep．

B. Some people can remain energetic with only 6．5 hours’ sleep a night．

C. If they get 8．5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambition．

D. People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't．

3.People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9．5 hours a night because _______．

A. they had no electricity

B. they knew what was best for their health

C. they were forced by their parents to do so

D. they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are

4.The major cause of sleep-deficit of modern people is _______．

A. the endless TV programs in the evenings and the internet

B. the heavy work load of the day

C. the sufficient energy modern people usually have

D. loud noises in the modern cities

5.What does the word “subjects” in paragraph 4 mean?

A. Person or thing that is being discussed or described．

B. Branch of knowledge studied in a school．

C. Person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on．

D. Any member of a State apart from the supreme ruler．

Public schools in New York，America’s biggest city, commonly have numbers for names．But this is unusual．In the United States，the process of naming a school often involves parents and the community

as well as elected school leaders.

Researchers say school names can show civic (市民的) values and also shape them． For example，naming a school after a historic person becomes a way to teach students about that person’s importance in history．

A new study examines the naming of American public schools．The study is from the Manhattan Institute，an organization that does public policy research．The study shows that fewer and fewer schools are being named after people．Instead。more schools are being named after the local areas or natural features like hills．trees or animals．The researchers say these changes raise questions about the civic duty of public education．

The looked at seven states with 20% of all public school students in the country. They found the similar result in every state: new school are less likely to be named after people. This is true especially with presidents. For example, in Arizona, public school in the past 20 years were almost fifty times more likely to be named after such things as landforms or plants .

School officials say they try to choose names that will not offend anyone. For example, a few years ago the city of New Orleans banned the naming of any school after a person who owned slaves. Other school system have rules against naming new schools after any person, living or dead .

The researchers say naming a school after a person can lead it important debates about democratic values. They call for more research to identify the causes and effects of the changes in school names.

The causes may include changes in American culture as well as in the political control of school systems. One area worth exploring , they say, is the link between trends in school names and weak results for public schools on measures of civic education.

1.More schools are being named after the following EXCEPT ________ .

A．hills

B．trees

C．animals

D．people

2.What does “they” in paragraph 7 refer to ?

A．School officials

B．Public schools

C．The researchers

D．Democratic values

3. If the passage appears in a newspaper, which column will it be ?

A．Culture

B．Science

C．Travel

D．Entertainment

4. What’s the best title for the passage ?

A．Few Us Public School Now Are Named after people

B．Public Schools In New York Have Numbers for Names

C．The Various Origins of America Schools

D．US Public Schools Value the Names of Great Persons

Travel is exciting and summer is a busy period for holiday travel. Many people will travel great distances in airplanes, cars or other vehicles. Experts say people should know about other health problems that can strike when traveling by air.

One of these is a condition called hypoxia (缺氧症). It results from a lack of oxygen to the brain. Experts say the body begins losing oxygen minutes after an airplane leaves the ground. The air pressure in a plane during flight is lower than at sea level. This makes it more difficult for the body to effectively use the same amount of oxygen as it would on the ground. Fewer oxygen molecules （分子） cross the tissues (组织) in the lungs and reach the bloodstream.

The result is a five to twenty percent drop in the amount of oxygen in the blood. This reduces the amount of oxygen that reaches the organs of the body.

One effect of this lack of oxygen to the brain is a headache. When this happens, the heart attempts to fix the situation by beating harder and faster. This can make the traveler feel tired.

These signs of hypoxia are not dangerous in a healthy person. But a drop in oxygen level can cause a health emergency in people with heart or lung problems. They might lose consciousness or even suffer a heart attack.

Experts say that smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic liquids also reduce the body’s ability to use oxygen. So they suggest that people not drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes either before or during a flight. They also say persons with heart or lung problems should seek advice from their doctors before flying.

1.The author writes the passage mainly to ___.

A．warn people in airplanes of possible dangers

B．offer some advice on avoiding health problems

C．explain the causes and effects of hypoxia

D．advise people not to smoke or drink alcohol

2.According to the passage, what leads to hypoxia?

A．The brain lacks enough oxygen.

B．The air pressure in a plane is too high

C．Our body needs less oxygen during takeoff.

D．The bloodstream contains no oxygen molecules.

3.The underlined part “fix the situation” means “___”.

A．use more oxygen it needs

B．increase the air pressure

C．reduce the amount of blood

D．bump more blood to the brain

4.Why should passengers not smoke or drink before flying?

A．They weaken the body’s ability to use oxygen.

B．Smoking may pollute the air inside the airplane.

C．Drinking alcohol may raise one’s blood pressure.

D．Drinking is forbidden at the airport.

5.Do you think which the following title is the best title for this passage?

A．Tralling

B．how to travel

C．some suggestions about on the plane while travelling

D．the causes and effects of hypoxia

Scientists have developed a water treatment system that they say is a powerful but simple way to save lives. Four grams of chemicals can treat ten liters of dirty water for a low cost, about ten cents.

Experts say infections from dirty water kill several thousand children in developing countries every day. The Procter and Gamble company has been developing the "PUR Purifier of Water" system since 1995. The company has been working with the United States Centers for Disease control and Prevention(C.D.C.).

C.D.C. researchers tested it in Guatemala, Pakistan and Kenya. Procter and Gamble researcher Greg Allgood says cases of diarrhea(腹泻) in those studies fell by about 50 percent. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland tested the system at a refugee camp in Liberia. Mr. Allgood says that study found a reduction of more than 90 percent. Use of the system is being expanded worldwide.

The treatment contains bleach(漂白剂) to kill disease-causing organisms. It also contains something that dirt and other particles stick to. Mr. Allgood says the chemicals can remove lead and other dangerous metals and even agricultural poisons like D.D.T.

Mr. Allgood heads the Children's Safe Drinking Water program at Procter and Gamble. He says about forty million packets of the treatment have been given to countries for free. They have been used in emergencies and in areas with limited supplies of clean water.

Clean water is a limited resource in many parts of the world. Delegates from about 130 nations attended the Fourth World Water Forum last month in Mexico City. Scientists, policy experts and others discussed ways to provide clean water to the world’s poor. Organizers say more than twenty percent of the world population lacks clean drinking water. The final declaration did not go so far as to declare water a human right. But it did say that governments, not private companies, must take the lead in improving the public’s ability to have clean water.

46. What is mainly talked about in this passage?

A. Water pollution around the world.

B. The causes of diarrhea in African countries.

C. A newly developed water treatment system.

D. The Fourth World Water Forum in Mexico City.

47. Which of the following developed the water treatment system?

A. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

B. The Procter and Gamble Company and C.D.C.

C. The Children’s Safe Drinking Water Program.

D. Johns Hopkins University.

48. Which of the following about the new water treatment system is NOT true?

A. It is effective but very expensive.

B. It was tested in Guatemala, Pakistan and Kenya.

C. It is being expanded worldwide.

D. It can remove dangerous metals in the water.

49. Which of the following shows that the shortage of clean water is a serious problem?

A. Forty million packets of the treatment have been given to countries for free.

B. Delegates from about 130 nations attended the Fourth World Water Forum.

C. Four grams of chemicals can treat liters of dirty water for a low cost.

D. Infections from dirty water kill several thousand children every day.

50. The best title for this article is ______.

A. A Small Packet of Chemicals, a Big Effect on Dirty Water

B. The Procter and Gamble Company and C.D.C.

C. The Shortage of Clean Water

D. How to Cure Diarrhea

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