题目内容
Alcoholic(酒精)drink can have a bad_on your body.
- A.Cause
- B.use
- C.effect
- D.result
have a good/bad effect意为“起好/坏的作用”。
Between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago, some humans discontinued their wandering hunting and gathering and settled down to farm. Grain was the first domesticated crop that started that farming process.
The oldest proven records of brewing are about 6,000 years old and refer to the Sumerians. Sumeria lay between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers including Southern Mesopotamia. It is said that the Sumerians discovered the fermentation (发酵) process by chance. No one knows today exactly how this occurred, but it could be that a piece of bread or grain became wet and a short time later, it began to ferment.
The Sumerians were able to repeat this process and are assumed to be the first civilized culture to brew beer. They had discovered a “divine drink” which certainly was a gift from the gods. The word beer comes from the Latin word bibere, meaning “to drink”, and the Spanish word cerveza originates from the Greek goddess of agriculture, Ceres.
A vitamin-rich porridge, used daily, beer is reported to have increased health and longevity and reduced disease and malnutrition (营养不良). The self-medicating properties of alcohol-rich beer also eased the tensions and stresses of daily living in a hostile world. The use of yeast (酵母) was not yet known at that time. The success of the fermentation process was left to chance, as the brewers unknowingly relied on yeast particles in the air.
Considerable scientific research took place in breweries (酿酒厂) in the 19th century. A famous work from 1876 by Louis Pasteur was Studies Concerning Beer where he revealed his knowledge of micro-organisms. By establishing that yeast is a living microorganism, Pasteur opened the gates for accurately controlling the conversion (转换) of sugar to alcohol.
Another discovery in beer brewing was the work of Christian Hansen, a Danish scientist, who successfully isolated a single yeast cell and induced it to reproduce on an artificial culture medium. With the resulting yeast multiplication (繁殖) methods, the purity of the fermenting process has been improved.
1.According to the passage, who was the first to brew beer?
A.The Greeks. |
B.Christian Hansen. |
C.Louis Pasteur. |
D.The Sumerians. |
2.The last two paragraphs mainly talk about .
A.the function of micro-organisms |
B.the success of the fermentation process |
C.two scientific discoveries about brewing |
D.the results of yeast multiplication methods |
3.According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?
A.Grain was the first crop used to brew beer. |
B.There are some yeast particles in the air. |
C.The word “beer” originates from Latin. |
D.Modern beer contains more alcoholic. |
4.Which would be the best title for the text?
A.The beer culture. |
B.The history of beer. |
C.The earliest brewery. |
D.Methods of brewing beer. |
Travel is exciting and summer is a busy period for holiday travel. Many people will travel great distances in airplanes, cars or other vehicles. Experts say people should know about other health problems that can strike when traveling by air.
One of these is a condition called hypoxia (缺氧症). It results from a lack of oxygen to the brain. Experts say the body begins losing oxygen minutes after an airplane leaves the ground. The air pressure in a plane during flight is lower than at sea level. This makes it more difficult for the body to effectively use the same amount of oxygen as it would on the ground. Fewer oxygen molecules (分子) cross the tissues (组织) in the lungs and reach the bloodstream.
The result is a five to twenty percent drop in the amount of oxygen in the blood. This reduces the amount of oxygen that reaches the organs of the body.
One effect of this lack of oxygen to the brain is a headache. When this happens, the heart attempts to fix the situation by beating harder and faster. This can make the traveler feel tired.
These signs of hypoxia are not dangerous in a healthy person. But a drop in oxygen level can cause a health emergency in people with heart or lung problems. They might lose consciousness or even suffer a heart attack.
Experts say that smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic liquids also reduce the body’s ability to use oxygen. So they suggest that people not drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes either before or during a flight. They also say persons with heart or lung problems should seek advice from their doctors before flying.
1.The author writes the passage mainly to ___.
A.warn people in airplanes of possible dangers |
B.offer some advice on avoiding health problems |
C.explain the causes and effects of hypoxia |
D.advise people not to smoke or drink alcohol |
2.According to the passage, what leads to hypoxia?
A.The brain lacks enough oxygen. |
B.The air pressure in a plane is too high |
C.Our body needs less oxygen during takeoff. |
D.The bloodstream contains no oxygen molecules. |
3.The underlined part “fix the situation” means “___”.
A.use more oxygen it needs |
B.increase the air pressure |
C.reduce the amount of blood |
D.bump more blood to the brain |
4.Why should passengers not smoke or drink before flying?
A.They weaken the body’s ability to use oxygen. |
B.Smoking may pollute the air inside the airplane. |
C.Drinking alcohol may raise one’s blood pressure. |
D.Drinking is forbidden at the airport. |
5.Do you think which the following title is the best title for this passage?
A.Tralling |
B.how to travel |
C.some suggestions about on the plane while travelling |
D.the causes and effects of hypoxia |