题目内容
People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking. But recharging with a shallow (小睡) offers no such mental improvement, the research suggests. The results of the study added to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain’s ability to form strong memories.
An average night's rest includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night. This means adults getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night -- and therefore inadequate REM sleep -- may be damaging their mind's ability to memorize: Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.
In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some a nap without REM sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups didn't improve, but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University of California who led the study, believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.
It is believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information from useless information. This process may take place as memories are removed hem one art of the brain to others.
Title |
REM Sleep 1.______ Memory |
The result of the study |
Rapid Eye Movement sleep is of great importance to the brain's ability to2.______ memories. |
The 3.____ of the study |
◆ 4.______ were required to think of another word associated with all three words. ◆The same task was given to participants 5.______ a day. ◆ The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups showed no 6.______. ◆ The REM sleep group7.______ well by an average of almost 40 per cent. |
Dr Sara Mednick's 8._____ |
Connections between previous unassociated information in the brain are 9.______ during REM sleep |
Conclusion |
Sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to abandon useless information and keep the 10. ______ information. |
1.Benefits/Improves
2.strengthen
3.process/steps/procedures
4. Participants
5.twice
6.improvement
7.performed
8.opinion/view/belief
9.formed
10.relevant/related
【解析】
试题分析:
1.词义归纳题:从第一段的句子:People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking.可知REM可以提高记忆力,填Benefits/Improves
2.词形转化题:从第一段的句子:The results of the study added to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain’s ability to form strong memories.可知REM可以提高记忆力,填strengthen
3.归纳题:右边的内容是研究是过程:process/steps/procedures
4.原词重现:从第三段的句子:In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. 可知答案是Participants
5.词义归纳题:从第三段的句子:They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon.可知一天给参与者两次任务:twice
6.词形转化题:从第三段的句子:The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups didn't improve, 可知将improve改成improvement
7.词形转化题:从第三段的句子:but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. 可知将performance 改成performed
8.归纳词:右边的内容是Dr Sara Mednick的观点:opinion/view/belief
9.词形转化题:从第三段的句子:believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.可知 formation改成formed
10.原词重现:从第四段的句子:It is believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information from useless information. 可知填relevant/related
考点:考查任务型阅读
点评:任务型阅读要充分利用表格理解文章框架结构和主旨大意,再结合每句话,在文中找出信息句,筛选出关键的单词,注意形式的变化和词义的转变。最后一定要注意单词的大小写。
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Health researchers have noticed that some groups of people are more consistently healthy than others, and wondered… Is it race? Income? Where you live? In the United States, these disagreements in health outcomes have been the focus of intense research for the past several decades.
Harvard University health policy researcher Ellen Meara says scholars have found some clues as to why some groups of people have more or less disease than others. She says one important factor in people’s health is the amount of education they have.
In her most recent paper, Meara looked at data from the United states census. These counts of people occur every 10 years. Meara and her colleagues examined data from several decades.
“We looked at life expectancy(预测寿命) at age 25,” Meara says.
“How many additional years can you expect to live if you arrive at age 25 and your education has stopped at high school, or sooner? Versus how many years, can you expect to live if you’ve reached aged 25 and you’ve gone on to at least some college…”
Meara says they found that in 1990, a 25-year-old who only had some secondary school could expect to live for a total of 75 years. In 2000, a 25-year-old with some secondary education could also expect to live to the age of 75.
In contrast, for a better educated 25-year-old, they could expect to live to the age of 80 in 1990. Someone with a similar education level in the year 2000, could expect to live to be more than 81 years, 81.6 years to be exact.
Meara says, not only do better-educated people live longer to begin with, but in the past ten years, more educated people have made gains in the length of their lives. Meanwhile, the life expectancy hasn’t changed for less educated people.
Some of these gains can be explained. Meara says researchers know that people who are more educated are more likely to quit smoking cigarettes, or not start at all, compared to people with less education.
“I think it’s a reminder not to be satisfactory,” Meara says. “Just because a population overall appears to be getting healthier, it doesn’t always mean that those advantages and successes that many people have enjoyed really extend into all parts of the population. And I think that’s something to really pay attention to regardless of whether you live in the US or elsewhere.”
Meara points out that education can often determine income---people with more education frequently make more money. This makes them aware of health care, and purchase other resources and services that can keep them healthier. But the data on income do NOT show that people who make more money are automatically healthier.
Meara says education is key. People need to be educated in order to take advantage of opportunities for better health.
Title | The Amount of Contributes to People’s Health | ||||
The less educated people | The ______ educated people | ||||
Comparisons | In 1990 | They could live for 75 years | They could live to the age of 80 | ||
In 2000 | Their life expectancy was the same as in 1990. | They could live to the age of 81.6 ____ | |||
___ of the research | In the past ten years | Their life expectancy remained _____. | They’ve made gains in the length of their lives, partly due to their __ smoking. | ||
People are getting healthier, but it doesn’t mean that the advantages and successes extend into all parts of the ____. | |||||
Education____income. | People with more education make more money | ||||
Getting more money helps to increase their___ of health care, which can keep them healthier. | |||||
____ | Education is the key to better health. | ||||