C When the first European arrived in the land now called Canada, around 400 years ago, there were about 350,000 native people living there. Most of these people were later forced to live in separate p 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

When the first European arrived in the land now called Canada, around 400 years ago, there were about 350,000 native people living there. Most of these people were later forced to live in separate places, called reserves, away from the cities where the Europeans settled.

The French and the British both settled in Canada and fought for the control of it. Finally in 1763 Britain defeated France and Canada became a British colony. Today both English and French are the official languages of Canada. Most French-speakers live in Quebec Province.

Canada became a separate country from Britain in 1867. At that time it had a population of 3.4 million. Today Canada’s population is 30 million as a result of immigration（移民）.

The first Chinese immigrated to Canada in the late 1800s. More have recently arrived and like to live in either Toronto, Canada’s largest city, or in Vancouver on the Pacific coast.

Canada is a cold, northern country with long winters, so winter sports are popular. Ice hockey is known as Canada’s national sport. However, Canadians also like to make the most of the short summer and enjoy picnics by the lakes or hiking in the mountains.

Canadians love to travel across their huge country and usually do so by car. But to get to some places you need to take a ferry. Really long journeys from the east to the west coast are taken by train or by plane.

Canadians celebrate many different holidays. One of the most important is Canada Day on July 1st which recalls when Canada became united. Another important day honors Britain’s Queen Victoria. It is called Victoria Day and is held on the last Monday in May. Like the USA, Canada also celebrates Thanksgiving.

59. We can infer from the first paragraph that _________________.

A. Canada has a history of about 400 years long

B. Europeans are the first people to arrive in Canada

C. Native Americans were not treated equally in Canada

D. Europeans and Native Americans always lived peacefully together

60. The first Chinese immigrants to Canada _______________.

A. came in 1867 B. lived in Toronto and Vancouver

C. added up to 30 million D. arrived in the late nineteenth century

61. The underlined part in the fifth paragraph is closest in meaning to _________________.

A. to make full use of B. to offer the best of

C. to give up the biggest joy of D. to work through most of

62. The passage is mainly about ______________.

A. the history of Canada B. transport in Canada

C. basic knowledge about Canada D. the geography of Canada

【答案】

59-62 CDAC

【解析】略

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The whole body is covered with skin.The surface of the skin is dead(like the hair and the nails),but it is made from a living layer(层)just under the surface.The outside dead layers wear off(磨损)all the time,with new ones replacing them,and the body forms a totally new skin every three weeks.

The skin protects the body from the outside world and it passes information from the outside.It helps to keep water in the body and to keep the body at the same temperature.Becteria(细菌)can’t get in through the skin unless it is damaged.

If the weather is cold,the blood vessels(血管)in the skin squeeze down,or contract(收缩),so that as little blood as possible comes near the surface.This means that less warmth is lost to the outside.This makes the skin look pale,or even “blue”.At the same time,the hairs on the skin are pulled upright by tiny muscles.

When it is hot,the blood vessels expand(扩大),or get wider again,to allow plenty of blood to run near the surface of the skin.This helps the body to lose heat,and the skin may look red.At the same time,the sweat glands(汗腺)produce more sweat,which cools the skin.

If your skin has ever been numb(麻木的),you will realize how important the feeling from the skin is.Nerves(神经)in the skin are sensitive(敏感的)to heat and cold,sharpness,hardness and softness,wetness and dryness and pain.If one is not able to feel these things,which can act as warnings,he is likely to be burned,cut or hurt in other ways.

The colour of the skin depends on special colour cells(细胞).These are just below the top layers of the skin.They are needed as protection from some harmful ray of the sun.The stronger the sun is,the more important it is to have a dark skin.People with pale skins may “tan”(晒黑)in the sun.This happens when the body produces extra colour cells in the skin for protection.In the sun,the skin produces a vitamin(vitamin D)which is needed for strong bones.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Our hair and nails are dead like the surface of the skin.

B.There is skin all over our body.

C.The skin of our bodies will be completely different in three weeks.

D.The surface of the skin is made of a living layer.

The second paragraph mainly tells us about______.

A.the functions of the skin

B.the information from the outside

C.the water in the body

D.the temperature of the body

Bacteria will get in through the skin______.

A.when one’s skin is numb

B.when one is ill

C.when the skin is cut

D.when the sweat glands produce more sweat

When the weather is cold,the skin will contract in order to______.

A.allow more blood near B.make the skin look blue

C.keep warmth D.help the body lose heat

The colour of the skin is determined by______.

A.the rays of the strong sun B.colour cells

C.top layers of the skin D.vitamin D

In the long discussion of water on the Moon, a new study contradicts(与……相矛盾)) some recent reports that say the Moon had water at the time of its formation. A group of researchers reported in the journal Science that when the Moon was created, some 4.5 billion years ago, there was not much hydrogen(氢气) on it, and therefore no water.

The researchers surveyed and evaluated this by analyzing chlorine isotopes（氯同位素） found in lunar rock samples from Apollo missions. The range of chlorine isotopes in lunar samples was 25 times that found in samples from Earth.

If the Moon had significant levels of hydrogen, as Earth did, this range would have been far less, said Zachary D Sharp, a scientist in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of new Mexico and the study’s lead authour.

The chlorine would have stuck together with hydrogen, forming compounds like hydrogen chloride, and escaped from the Moon’s surface, he said. The abundance of chlorine indicates a lack of hydrogen and water.

“ The amount of water on the Moon was too low for life to possibly have existed there,” he said.

Most scientists believe the Moon was formed when a large object stuck Earth, breaking off a chunk(a vast piece) that has since orbited Earth.

On Earth, goes one theory, water was released as steam form molten basalts(玄武岩) over time, eventually forming bodies of water.

“An understading of whether the Moon was dry or wet will help us understand how water appeared on Earth,” Dr Sharp said.

A new study indicates that _____ on the moorn.

A. there is plenty of water B. water is unlikely to exist

C. water existed in the past D. there is a little water now

The author would like to tell us ______ through the sixth paragraph.

A. why there is no water on the Moon B. how the Moon was formed

C. when the Earth struck the Moon D. where the Moon orbited

Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Zachary D. Sharp, a scientist of New Mexico was in charge of the new study.

B. Chlorine isotopes in lunar samples are 25 time larger than those on the Earth.

C. The more aboundant chloride, the shorter hydrogen and water.

D. The new study is benificial to understand how water appeared on Earth.

What can we learn from the passage?

A. There is enough water on the Earth.

B. Hydrogen chloride easily escaped from the Moon’s surface.

C. The Earth had significant levels of hydrogen.

D. Water on the Earth is directly from molten basalts.

Some fish form huge schools. Could fish set up schools and teach their children how to survive in the ocean? You may ask. No. Here the “schools” are not the places where you study. They are fish shoals (鱼群) that cover tens of kilometers. What causes hundreds of millions of fish to gather and move together is one of biology’s mysteries.
Darkness appears to be the first step to the creation of shoals, according to a study published in the March 27 journal Science. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and five other institutions studied Atlantic herring (鲱鱼), which forms shoals on a fishing ground off Massachusetts. They used an underwater imaging technology and fish-finding sonar (声纳) to observe the herring over several days in autumn when they spawn (产卵).
They found that, as the sun set, fish in scattered (分散的) groups began swimming much closer to one another than they normally do. When the number of fish reached a certain point in an area, this set off a chain reaction of similar behavior that spread like a sound wave through the water.
The herring’s movement seemed to be started by sunset. The team didn’t record the breakup of these shoals, but a previous study suggested that as the sun rose, the shoals fell apart.
“When the light fades (逐渐消失), it’s safer for the fish to move away from the seabed,” says Nicholas Makris, a professor at MIT who led the research. “Once they have a certain number of other fish, they suddenly come together - forming a shoal covering tens of kilometers within tens of minutes.”
Herring form shoals to migrate during the autumn spawning season. Some shoals were 40 km across and 30 m from top to bottom. They formed in deep water and moved into more shallow waters to spawn.
Forming shoals helps protect them from predators (掠食者) by giving them simple strength in numbers. The ordered movement of the shoal means the fish can reach their spawning ground more quickly and more safely.
Scientists have never before gathered information on so many animals acting together. Understanding these herring shoals could lead to more ideas about what causes animals to move in schools, says Iain Couzin, a biologist at Princeton University, US.
1. Which school in the following expressions is used the same way as the underlined one in the first paragraph?
A. schools of thoughts B. school a horse C. a school of whales D. a medical school
2. Which of the following statements is true?
A. There are more large shoals of herring at night than in the daytime.
B. The research on Atlantic herring was conducted independently by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
C. The larger the shoal of herring is, the more slowly it moves.
D. Scientists have found out the reason why fish gather and move together in huge shoals.
3. According to the research, herring tend to get together except ______.
A.when there are predators around B. when they spawn C. when the sun sets D. when the sun rises
4. What seems to be the main reason for herring to gather and move together?
A. To avoid the darkness.
B. To keep other kinds of fish out of their spawning ground.
C. To spawn in the shallow waters.
D. To make themselves feel safe.

Yawning sends out certain messages -either “Oh ，this movie is so boring” or “I probably need to get some sleep”. But did you know that a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is overheated?

A new study, led by a research team at Princeton University, has indicated that yawning could be the brain’s natural way of regulating temperature. People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily. com.

The research team did an experiment on 160 people, 80 in summer and 80 in winter, to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures. The study found that people yawned more often in winter than in summer. Scientists say that when the air temperature is lower outside the body, there is heat exchange between the overheated brain and the cool air. But when the air temperature is higher than or equal to the body, people are less likely to yawn because the hot air they breathe in will make the brain even hotter.

When people yawn, their jaw is also stretched ，which increases blood flow and may also help cool the brain

The study showed that the amount someone yawned could be related to the amount of time they spent outside. The longer they spent outside in summer, the less they yawned. Nearly 40 percent of participants yawned within their first five minutes outside, but after that the percentage was reduced to less than 10 percent.

However, the result was the opposite in winter. The number of people who yawned increased when they spent more than five minutes outdoors. But the change was only slight compared to summertime.

According to Gallup, this is the first report to show that yawning frequencies change depending on season. This could help us to understand better the way our brains work. It may also help us understand the reason why frequent yawning can sometimes be a sign of brain disease.

1.The purpose of the experiment is ______.

A. to prove people yawn in winter and in summer equally

B. to indicate brain can regulate temperature naturally

C. to find the frequency of people’s yawning

D. to show the real reason why people yawn

2.The information we get from Paragraphs 5 and 6 is that ______.

A. longer outdoor summertime results in more yawns

B. yawning frequency changes with outdoor time

C. yawning frequency increases with outdoor time

D. longer outdoor wintertime leads to fewer yawns

3.Acorrding to the text ，people yawn more often ______.

A, when the air temperature is lower outside the body

B. when the hot air breathed in makes the brain hotter

C. when the air temperature is higher than the body

D. when the air temperature is equal to the body

4.What could be the best title for the text?

A. Yawning Is A Sign of Brain Disease

B. Yawning Carries Some Information

C. Yawning Benefits Your Body

D. Yawning Cools Your Brain

It disappointed his parents___he had failed to pass the exam for ______third time.

A. because ; a B. that; a C. when; the D. that; the

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