The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals , or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

(10·上海)

The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing ___50___.

What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, ___51___ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.

When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. ___52___ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber ___53___ some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.

When you revise, you change aspects of your work in ___54___ to your evolving purpose, or to include ___55___ ideas or newly discovered information.

Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. ___56___, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to ___57___. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows ___58___. Always make time to become your own ___59___and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you ___60___ new ideas.

Revising involves ___61___ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose ___62___ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the ___63___ that is, facts, opinions, inferences --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many ___64___ details that may confuse readers?

50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career

51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words

52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced

53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved

54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast

55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh

56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore

57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover

58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training

59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor

60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate

61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing

62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear

63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints

64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final

【文章大意】修改是作品写作过程中非常重要且必须的步骤。文章讲叙了作品修改的目的和途径。

50.答案：C

考点：本题考查名词辨析

解析：参照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage”。名词technique（技术）、style（风格）、career（事业、生涯）都不符题意。本题难度适中。

51.答案：D

考点：本题考查介词短语辨析

解析：前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering都是revising的方面，所以revising和这些名词同义；介词短语in other words表示“换句话说”。介词短语in particular（尤其、特别表强调）、as a result（因此，表结果）、for example（例如，表举例说明）都不符题意。本题难度适中。

52.答案：A

考点：本题考查动词辨析

解析：动词skip（跳远）、reject（拒绝、抵制）replace（取代）都不符题意。人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了（undergo）多次修改，与上段的“Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”对应。本题难度适中。

53.答案：A

考点：本题考查动词辨析

解析：动词release（释放、赦免、发行）、record（记录、录音）、reserve（保留、预订）都不符题意。动词rewrite表示“重写、修改”，与动词revise同义，与本篇文话题相关。本题难度适中。

54.答案：B

考点：本题考查介词短语辨析

解析：介词短语in addition to表示“而且、除…之外还有”，in opposition to表示“与...的意见相反”，in contrast to表示“与...形成对比”，都与本题不符。in response to（作为对┄的反应）在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品目的的一种回应”本题难。

55.答案：D

考点：本题考查形容词辨析

解析：fresh ideas 与后面的newly discovered information对应。本题难度适中。

56.答案：B

考点：本题考查副词辨析

解析：副词Moreover（而且）类似与but also表递进含义，与前面句not just（only）呼应。副词However（然而，表转折关系）、Instead（作为替代、反而，表相反含义）、Therefore（因此，表原因）都不符题意。本题难度适中。

57.答案：B

考点：本题考查动词辨析

解析：switch topics（变换标题）属于修改作品的一部分。动词discuss（讨论）、exhaust（汲干、使筋疲力尽）、cover（覆盖、包含）都不符题意。本题难度适中。

58.答案：D

考点：本题考查动名词辨析

解析：名词drafting（起草）、rearranging（重新安排）、performing（表演）都与题意不符。名词training.（培训）在本句表示“排练”，与上文dress rehearsals / tryouts同义。本题难。

59.答案：C

考点：本题考查名词辨析

解析：名词audience（观众）与下句view your dress rehearsal对应。名词director（导演）、master（主人、大师）、visitor（来访者）都与题意不符。本题难度适中。

60.答案：B

考点：本题考查形容词辨析

解析：形容词valuable表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有价值的新信息”。形容词personal（个人的）、basic（基本的）、delicate（娇贵的、纤弱的、精美的）都与题意不符。本题难度适中。

61.答案：A

考点：本题考查动词辨析

解析：动词mix在本句表示“修改就是把作品所有方面的有效性和适当性融合在一起”。本题难。

62.答案：D

考点：本题考查形容词辨析

解析：形容词clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰”，与下文confuse readers对应。形容词amazing（令人惊讶的）、bright（明亮的、聪明的）、unique（独特的）都与题意不符。本题难度适中。

63.答案：C

考点：本题考查名词辨析

解析：后句名称facts、opinions、inferences都属于information，与上句newly discovered information对应。本题难度适中。

64.答案：A

考点：本题考查形容词辨析

解析：形容词unnecessary details表示“多余的信息”反而使读者困惑、误导读者。

形容词uninteresting（单调的、乏味的）、concrete（具体的）、final（最终的、决定性的）都与题意不符。本题难。

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(10·上海A篇)

The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety.

That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.

Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants.

Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.

But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man." And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to

guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.

The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. "Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!

65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to .

A. get long lasting excitement B. keep both man and elephants safe

C. send them back to the jungle D. make the angry elephants tame

66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, .

A. she spent her time hunting with her father

B. she learned how to sing love songs

C. she had already been called an elephant princess

D. she was taught how to hunt tigers

67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________.

A. they are caught and sent for heavy work

B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them

C. they are attacked and their land gets limited

D. dogs often bark at them and chase them

68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________.

A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacks

B. the man-elephant relationship is getting worse

C. elephant tamers are in short supply

D. dogs are as powerful as elephants

(10·上海C篇)

The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms.

After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.

Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London.

"The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.

At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.

Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.

The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.

Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what's caused the problem," he said.

72. The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refers to during the 2012 Olympics.

A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch

B. the collapse of broadcasting systems

C. the transportation breakdown in London

D. the destruction of weather satellites

73. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?

A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.

B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.

C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.

D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.

74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _________.

A. take images of the solar system B. provide early warning of thunderstorms

C. keep track of solar activities D. improve the communications on Earth

75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer

B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger

C. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human Race

D. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled

(10·上海B篇)

The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research

paper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.

Trevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2004, "Employee turnover (人事变更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion", Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64.

In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees' job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in Vancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees' job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures.

69. The research paper published is primarily concerned with

A. the way of preventing employee turnover

B. methods of improving employee performance

C. factors affecting employee turnover and performance

D. pay structures based on employee performance

70. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that .

A. the data analysis is hardly reliable

B. the research sample is not wide enough

C. the findings are of no practical value

D. the research method is out-of-date

71. Who might be most interested in this piece of information?

A. Job hunters.

B. Employees in blue-chip companies.

C. Mid-level managers.

D. Researchers on employee turnover.

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