7.Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because"everyone's a winner."And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before.As a result,Stanford University professor Carol Dweck,PhD,calls them"the overpraised generation."
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years.Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it.Here's how they work:
A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent is genetic-you're a born artist,point guard,or numbers person.The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.When things get difficult,it's quick to blame,lie,and even stay away from future difficulties.
On the other hand,a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible.Because the ego (自尊) isn't on the line as much,the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame.When faced with a difficulty,it's quick to rethink,change and try again.In fact,it enjoys this experience.
We are all born with growth mind-sets.(Otherwise,we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents,teachers,and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise.Dweck's book,Mind-set:The New Psychology of Success,and online instructional program explain this in depth.But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children,grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
28.What does the author think about the present generation?D
A.They don't do well at school.
B.They are often misunderstood.
C.They are eager to win in sports.
D.They are given too much praise.
29.A fixed mind-set person is probably one whoC.
A.cannot share his ideas with others
B.cares a lot about personal safety
C.doesn't want to work hard  
D.can succeed with the help of teachers
30.What does the growth mind-set believe?B
A.Admitting failure is shameful.
B.Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
C.Scores should be highly valued.
D.Talent comes with one's birth.
31.What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study?A
A.Encourage them to learn from failures.
B.Prevent them from making mistakes.
C.Guide them in doing little things.
D.Help them grow with praise.
2.In the UK,most children have their lunches at school,but in some chools,parents can choose what their children eat.The children can have a school dinner-a hot,cooked meal; or they can take a packed (包装的)lunch with them,which usually includes cold food like sandwiches.
Often parents know what their children want.Cath,a mother of three children,told us,"My children have packed lunches because they say they hate school dinners.So I make three packed lunches every morning."
However,another mother,Susan,made a different choice.She said,"My daughters have always had school dinners.I think they probably get healthier food at school than a few sandwiches I make for them."
But how healthy are school dinners?Kaz,a father,thought poorly of them.He said,"Fizzy (起泡的) drinks were offered and I think there were lots of chips."
Jamie Oliver spent a year working in a school kitchen.He was worried about the unhealthy food which included burgers,pizzas and chips.So he tried to cook healthy food such as good stews(炖肉) and curries (咖喱菜肴) for the children instead.
So Jamie improved the school dinners,and trained te dinner ladies to cook healthy food in that school.Then he advised the government to improve school food across the country.And it seems that the changes have begun.
Anna,a pupil,told us,"we used to have a fast food window where you got chips and coke,but they stopped that this year.There's salad restaurant,which is good,so it's healthier than it was."
21.How many meals do most children in the UK have at school?A
A.One      
B.Two           
C.Three            
D.Four
22.B would like the children to have the school meals.
A.Cath      
B.Susan          
C.Kaz             
D.Jamie
23.Jamie thoughtA were healthy food
A.stews and curries                
B.burgers and pizzas
C.chips and fizzy drinks            
D.sandwiches and coke
24.The last two paragraphs show thatC.
A.There's a salad restaurant in every school
B.salad is the only healthy food for students
C.schools have begun to cook healthier food
D.the government doesn't care about school dinners.

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