题目内容
The history of Chinese calligraphy is probably as long as that of China itself. Calligraphy is a special category in China’s world of fine arts. Through the centuries Chinese characters have changed constantly and are mainly divided into five categories today: the seal script (zhuan shu), official script (li shu), regular script (kai shu), running script (xing shu) and cursive script (cao shu).
Calligraphy involves a great deal of theory and requires many skills. Among the most outstanding calligraphers in ancient China were Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhengqing, and Liu Gongquan, who are known for pioneering their own styles.
In writhing calligraphy, one will need a brush, paper, an ink-stick and an ink-stone, commonly referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study”. There are different types of brushes. White-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. According to their function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and medium. Brush sticks are usually made of bamboo, wood, or porcelain; ivory or jade sticks are rare and precious.
The ink-stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink-stick is hui mo (Anhui ink stick), made from pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink-stick. Press the ink-stick hard and rub it lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab to make thick, liquid-ink.
While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in Xuanzhou (today’s Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and moth-proof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.
Ink-stones or ink-slabs have been classified into three categories: Duan, she and Tao. Features common to all three are hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard and smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink-stick against the stone.
By handling the brush and ink skillfully and carefully, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.
Title: Chinese Calligraphy
| (76) __________ of Chinese characters | Seal scrip (zhuan shu) | Calligraphy involves both theory and many (78)__________, wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhengqing, and Liu Gongquan are well-known for creating their personal (79)__________ | ||
| (77)__________ script (li shu) | ||||
| Regular script (kai shu) | ||||
| Running script (xing shu) | ||||
| Cursive script (cao shu) | ||||
| Four (80)__________ of the Study | Brush | (81)__________ for the brush | White-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair,or yellow-weasel-hair | |
| Function | Hard, (82)__________ and medium | |||
| Stick | Bamboo, wood, porcelain, ivory or jade | |||
| Ink-stick | hui mo (Anhui ink) | Made from (83)__________ that grow on Huangshan Mountain | ||
| Paper | Xuan paper | Soft and fine textured; Can be kept for a (84)__________ time | ||
| Ink-stone | Duan | Common (85)__________: hard and fine, but not dry or slippery | ||
| She | ||||
| Tao | ||||
76. Categories 77. Official 78. skills 79. styles 80. Treasures
81. Material 82. soft 83. pines 84. long 85. features
One possible version：
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of computers, teachers, students and their parents are paying less and less attention to handwriting.
According go a recent survey about 85.5 percent of middle school students think that their handwriting is poor. Yet for various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their hand writing. 51.5 percent of the students think that they can just use a computer, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting, and 32.3 percent believe that they are so busy with the study that they do not have time to practice. 10.9 percent think that practicing handwriting is useless.
As the saying goes, writing style shows the man. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future.
nurses usually wear
white uniforms. Babies are dressed in white at baptisms（洗礼）and brides wear white wedding gowns at weddings.
White in these cases is the symbol of innocence or purity. A “blogger” is a person who writes on an Internet computer Web site called a “blog”. The word “blog” is a short way of saying web log, or personal Web site. Anyone can start a blog, and they can write about anything they like.
There are millions of blogs on the Internet today. They provide news, information and ideas to many people who read them. They contain links to other Web sites. And they provide a place for people to write their ideas and react to the ideas of others.
A research company called Peruse has studied more than 3,000 Web logs. It says that blogs are most popular with teenage girls. They use them to let their friends know what is happening in their lives. The study also says that more than 100,000 bloggers stopped taking part in the activity after a year.
However, some people develop serious blogs to present political and other ideas. For example, the Republican and Democratic parties in the southern state of Kentucky recently started their own blogs. And American companies are beginning to use blogs to advertise their products.
At the same time, some long-standing blogs have ended. Last week, blogging leader Dave Winner closed his free blog service, weblogs.com. He says the site became too costly to continue. He started the blog four years ago, and thousands of people had written on it.
One blog that is still going strong is called Rebecca’s Pocket. It involves much useful information for readers. Rebecca Blood created the Web site in 1999. She wrote about the history of blogs on the site. That article led to a book called “The Weblog Handbook”. It has been translated into four languages so far.
Ms Blood says Rebecca’s Pocket gets about 30,000 visitors a month. She writes about anything and everything----politics, culture and movies. She recently provided medical advice. And she wrote about how to prevent people from stealing money from online bank accounts.
1.The text is written mainly to ____
|
A．introduce an Internet computer Web site called “blog” |
|
B．introduce a way of reading on blogs |
|
C．tell readers about blogs |
|
D．tell readers how to write blogs |
2.From the text we can learn that blogs cover almost everything except __ _.
|
A．different ideas |
|
B．medical advice |
|
C．advertisements |
|
D．account codes |
3.According to this passage , which of the following is NOT true?
|
A．Politicians don’t use blogs at all |
|
B．A lot of bloggers no longer write or read blogs |
|
C．Those who like to use blogs are mostly teenage girls |
|
D．Dave Winer closed his “weblogs.com” because of money shortage |
4. The reason why Rebecca’s Pocket is still going strong is that____
|
A．it was created by a woman |
|
B．it provides plenty of useful information and advice |
|
C．it is about the history of books |
|
D．it has editions in at least four different languages |
Street art can be found on buildings, sidewalks, street signs and even trash cans from Tokyo to Paris to New York City. This special kind of art can take the form of paintings, sculptures, cloth or even stickers (张贴物). Street art has become part of a global visual culture. Now, even art museums and galleries are collecting the works of street artists.
It is not easy to provide an exact history of the street art movement. This kind of art has developed in many kinds of ways in places all over the world. Also, because it is illegal to paint public and private property without permission, street artists usually work secretly. This secretive nature of street art and its countless forms make it hard to define exactly. And people have different opinions about the movement. Some think street art is a crime and destroys property. But others see this art as a rich form of non-traditional cultural expression.
Many experts say the movement began in New York City in the 1960s. Young adults would use paint in special cans to spray their “tag” on walls and train cars around the city. This tag was a name they created to identify themselves and their artwork. This colorful style of writing is also called graffiti (涂鸦). It is visually exciting and energetic. Some graffiti paintings were signs marking the territories of city gangs or illegal crime groups.
Graffiti also became a separate movement expressing the street culture of young people living in big cities. Graffiti art represented social and political rebellion (叛逆). This was art that rejected the accepted rules of culture and power. These artists could travel around areas of the city making creative paintings for everyone to see. Sometimes this street art created a conflict between artists and city officials. Graffiti artists created their images and city officials quickly painted over them.
During the 1980s, two New York painters — Keith Haring and Jean Michel began showing their work in art galleries and museums. This is when street art started to become part of the more general popular culture.
1.What can we infer from the first paragraph?
|
A．Street art has become popular and is accepted as a kind of culture. |
|
B．Street art is very special compared with other forms of popular art. |
|
C．Many people are beginning to learn street art. |
|
D．Street art is better developed in big cities than in rural areas. |
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
|
A．“TAG” was a word created by people to distinguish street artists and the other artists. |
|
B．There are three reasons explaining why it is hard to define the history of street art. |
|
C．The movement of street art began in the 1980s in New York City. |
|
D．All the people don’t think that the street art is a rich form of cultural expression. |
3.The city officials used to get rid of graffiti probably because _____________.
|
A．they caused arguments between people |
B．they were ugly in someone’s eyes |
|
C．they were not painted under proper guidance |
D．they didn’t express traditional culture |