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注意:每空格1个单词。

Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults.

The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime, drug-taking, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting different kinds of fields of development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.

Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal. First, dosage matters -- young people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make a bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities, skill building meaningful involvement, expression, suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe and fair environment, encourage personalized involvement, and actively create learning opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have a promising future, how they are designed and run matters.

Title: Quality After-school Programs

Purpose

1.        academic performance

2. Decreasing youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors

3. Helping young people grow into healthy, successful adults

Effects

1. Improved academic performance

● better work     

● higher rates of homework completion

● improved grades and higher scores

● fewer absences and     blame

Helping young people become members making a contribution to    

2. Decreased high-risk teen behaviors

● decreased rates of crime

●drug       

● teen sex among youth

3. Various development

development

● mental development

● social development

Factor

1. Dosage matters.

2.       matter.

3. Qualities matter.

    

The future of after-school programs is promising,     how to design and run the programs is very      .

China Daily Oct. 11----The ministry of Health has called for more awareness from the public on the mental health of the young, as part of efforts to make World Mental Health Day which fell on Friday.
More than 15 percent of Chinese youths have been found with mental problems, and about 30 million young people under 17 are suffering from depression, the Shang-based Wenhui Daily reported. The World Health Organization estimates that before 2020, the rate of children with mental problems will increase to 50 percent, and mental problems will become a major factor behind deaths and illness in the young worldwide.
Deng  Xiaohong, the spokesperson for the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, said rapid changes are one of the reasons behind the rising number of youngsters with psychological problems. If these mental diseases are not addressed on time, occurrence of crimes, drug-taking and other dangerous behavior are expected to rise. Experts said mental diseases could be caused by many factors, such as the inability to handle interpersonal relations well, unstable emotions and pressures from an overload of studies. A number of experts have also said the one-child policy is another reason leading to poor mental health in the young. Children are said to be too “ spoiled” and “selfish” in a one-child family.
It’s reported  schools in many cities are rolling out measures to help students maintain their mental well-being. Yin Jingmiao, a teacher of the Beijing No.105 Middle School, told China Daily that the school invites psychologists to provide counseling to students three times a month.”  Students can be arranged to have 40-minute counseling sessions,” Yin said. The school also gives lectures on mental health to senior grade students before they take the national college entrance exams to help ease any anxiety arising from the tests.
【小题1】Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A.Efforts to Mark World Mental Health Day
B.Seriousness of Youngsters’ Mental Health Problems
C.How to Maintain Mental Well-being
D.Public Awareness on Youngsters’ Mental Disease Expected
【小题2】The writer intends to tell us in the second paragraph that________
A.mental health problems of the young are becoming a popular problem.
B.only young people are suffering from mental health problems.
C.mental problems will become as serious as deaths and illness.
D.the rate of children with mental problems will increase to 50 percent.
【小题3】Which could be the consequence if the problem is left untreated?
A.Inability to handle interpersonal relations.B.Unstable emotions
C.Drug-taking and other dangerous behaviorD.Rapid social changes
【小题4】Why is the Beijing No.105 Middle School mentioned in the passage?
A.To provide the students with counseling sessions.
B.To give an example showing how mental problems are dealt with.
C.To help ease the anxiety arising from the national college entrance exams
D.To call on other schools to learn from the No.105 Middle School

Everybody cheats. Whether it’s the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes them the long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn’t give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a bribe (贿赂) – everybody’s at it. Cheats in the nest include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show competitors who worked with a friend in the audience or win a million pounds, and the doctor who made up his qualifications and wasn’t really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody’s playing the game.

    Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing? If it’s the latter how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?

Take sport for example. The Word Cup was filled with cheating. Whether diving, pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free – kick or a penalty shot. France striker Henry denied cheating to win the free – kick which led to his side’s second goal in their 3 – 1 victory over Spain. Many footballers, however, are often putting it on. Whatever the nationality there’s one common ploy: the player rolls over holding their leg, ankle or head seeming to be in great pain. As a result a yellow card and / or free – kick is given for the foul and then, a few seconds later, the player is up and about as if nothing had happened ! The ref (裁判) may be taken in by it but youngsters watching the game aren’t. they also see their heroes getting away with it.

Of course it’s not just football. In 1998 the Tour de France, the world’s greatest cycling event, was hit by a drug – taking scandal (丑闻). The 40 bottles of forbidden drugs found with the Fustian team caused a massive investigation that almost caused the Tour to be abandoned. One rider, Veronique, was banned for 9 months. He claimed: “You have cheats in sport, just as you do in business – there will always be people trying to take a short cut. At least we’re not turning a blind eye to the problem, which other sports are.”

Is it all unavoidable? There’s huge pressure on all athletes to perform for their fans and for their sponsors. It’s success, money and power that rule professional sport rather than an honest at tempt to do the best one can.

Meanwhile companies around the world are losing billions of dollars to fake products. From cut price CDs and DVDs to sportswear, cheap fake products are everywhere. It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags and illegal copies of films. If parents are doing this, their children will follow.

So perhaps it’s not surprising that around the world more pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams. In one case missing exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet. In another, widespread cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receive tested answers. They blame the pressure put on them to do well in exams. It doesn’t help that their role models are also cheats. Surely we can’t complain when we’re setting such a bad example.

1.According to the passage, in which way can a game show player cheat?

A.By taking an indirect way.    B.By gaining aid from a friend.

C.By taking forbidden drugs.  D.By selling fake products.

2.The phrase “be frowned on”(Paragraph 2) most probably means           .

A.to be disapproved of            B.to be pushed forward

C.to be taken the place of       D.to be stuck with

3.The writer’s suppose for writing this passage is to         .

A.explain why people in almost every field cheat

B.complain about cheats in school education

C.persuade young people not to cheat in exams

D.blame the society for tolerating cheats

4.The writer mentions the example of the World Cup in Paragraph 3 in order to           .

A.show cheating is a common phenomenon nowadays

B.discuss the relationship between sport and cheating

C.explore the nature of cheating in important events

D.warn coaches and athletes of the danger of cheating

5.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

A.Exams are not a good way of testing children.

B.Children are natural cheats.

C.If adults cheat, children will cheat too.

D.Everyone including children cheats.

 

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