题目内容

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

We always try to include some kind of Smile Card activity during my monthly with my daughter Rachel. The other hot night, after dinner we went to an ice cream shop. When for our ice cream we told the cashier that we would like to buy ice cream anonymously (匿名地) for the person who came to the counter as a random act of . Puzzled but excited, she our money and a Smile Card. We sat down at the table near the counter—Rachel wanted to spy on our one.

About five minutes later the cashier told us, “Oh, good! Someone's coming!” It was a woman with two little kids. As the woman reached for her , the cashier, handing her the , told her that wanted to, anonymously, buy her family's ice cream. She couldn't it. “Seriously?” she asked. Rachel and I not to notice. It was great. The cashier, aware that we wanted to remain anonymous, came over to “wipe off our table,” leaving our change on our table. She was about as as we were.

After enjoying our ice cream, we took a napkin(纸巾) and wrote a to the cashier thanking her for her assistance. We until she went to the back room, quickly the note, a nice tip, and a second Smile Card on the , and ran out before we were seen.

I treasure every date night with my daughter and the world through her eyes is always for me.

1.A. date B. game C. dinner D. travel

2.A. preparing B. looking C. asking D. paying

3.A. nice B. next C. poor D. last

4.A. responsibility B. politeness C. understanding D. kindness

5.A. refused B. changed C. took D. borrowed

6.A. warm-hearted B. unfortunate C. lucky D. curious

7.A. quietly B. quickly C. loudly D. slowly

8.A. wallet B. glasses C. ice cream D. phone

9.A. money B. napkin C. Smile Card D. change

10.A. no one B. anyone C. none D. someone

11.A. accept B. believe C. follow D. doubt

12.A. decided B. hoped C. pretended D. intended

13.A. secretly B. seriously C. openly D. friendly

14.A. nervous B. embarrassed C. surprised D. happy

15.A. notice B. note C. check D. paragraph

16.A. ate B. waited C. wrote D. left

17.A. placed B. gave C. handed D. passed

18.A. newspaper B. chair C. counter D. floor

19.A. changing B. seeing C. hearing D. exploring

20.A. difficult B. funny C. distant D. fantastic

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Researchers recently found that hackers took control of 300,000 home routers(路由器). Once your home router has been controlled, hackers could redirect your network to malicious websites controlled by hi-tech thieves who could then steal your online back details and other sensitive data. However, there are some simple steps you can take to protect your router.

Say no to 12345 passwords

First, never leave your router open without a password and make sure you change both your Wi-Fi and router login password from the default one it comes with. If you use the default password , this could give someone access to the router setup, which could allow them to change your router settings, including viewing any security keys.

Don't broadcast it

Make sure you don't show up in other people's wireless network scans. Know your network name so you can easily enter it into any devices you want to access that network. Other people do not need to know your network name. To prevent outsiders from seeing your network's name and attempting to join your wireless network, turn off broadcasting in your router's settings.

Invite only please

One way you can ensure no one else joins your network without your permission is to enable your router to only allow certain devices to connect, and ban all others. To do that you can filter by media access control (MAC) addresses.

Turn it off

This is a simple piece of advice that can go a very long way in keeping you safe. Simply turn off your router when you're not using your network. If you're at work all day and no one's home, why keep it running?

Build a firewall

The firewall built into your router prevents hackers on the internet from getting access to your PC so it's always worth enabling it to help add an extra layer of security. However, it does nothing to stop people in range of your Wi-Fi signal from getting onto your network – and as said, a router in the wrong place means your Wi-Fi signal could reach pretty far.

For further protection, you should run software firewalls on the individual PCs on your networks.

1. If you use the default password, ______________.

A. your home router will be linked to some bad websites.

B. you will find it’s very convenient to surf the Internet

C. your home router will be changed for new settings.

D. you will fail to use your own login password

2. What should be done to shelter your wireless network?

A. To build a firewall into your router.

B. To think out a complicated login password and use it.

C. To shut off your router when you find it not safe.

D. To switch off broadcasting in your router settings

3. The purpose of the passage is to tell____________.

A. how to keep your Wi-Fi network secure

B. how to deal with your home router efficiently

C. how to locate the hackers on the Internet

D. how to prevent others from joining your network.

The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing. Since 2009, a new form of sharing economy has been emerging in neighborhoods throughout the US and around the world—— Little Free Library. The libraries are boxes placed in neighborhoods from which residents can withdraw (取出) and deposit (存入) books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults, or tour guides.

In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library as a gift to his mother, who was a devoted reader. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further. “I think Little Free Libraries open the door to conversations we want to have with each other,” Bol said.

Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to Little FreeLibrary.org, there are now 18,000 of the little structures around the world, located in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.

The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article says the little structures serve as a cure for a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. For many people, the sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries’ main appeal. “A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; a man on his way to the bus stop might find a volume of poetry that changes his outlook on life,” says the Atlantic article. “Every book is a potential source of inspiration”.

1. How do Little Free Libraries get their books?

A. The communities bought them.

B. Tod Bol donated them.

C. US government provided them.

D. Citizens shared them.

2.Why did Tod Bol want to build more Little Free Libraries?

A. They can offer neighbors more chances to talk.

B. He was inspired by the sharing economy.

C. He wanted to promote his idea worldwide.

D. They are a gift to please his mother.

3.What does the author of the Atlantic article believe?

A. Little Free Libraries are more popular than e-reader downloads.

B. E-reader downloads are undoubtedly beneficial.

C. Little Free Libraries are physical and human.

D. The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries.

4. Little Free Libraries attract readers most in that ________.

A. they are in various shapes and sizes

B. they are located all over the world

C. they connect strangers together

D. they may give readers a sense of discovery

----Daddy, I’ll stay in to accompany Uncle Sam this evening.

----________!

A. Suit yourself. B. Never mind.

C. With pleasure. D. Take care.

________ that they can’t be shown in the maps.

A. So small those ponds and streams are.

B. So small are those ponds and streams.

C. So those ponds and streams are small.

D. So are those ponds and streams small.

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

“I invented a new word. How do I get it into the dictionary?”

This is, by far, the question lexicographers(词典编纂者）hear the most. People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it into the dictionary? When lexicographers decide what words to add to dictionaries, they try to imagine what words users actually want to look up. There are important factors to keep in mind here.

1) Is the word in widespread usage?

The usage question is an important one that gets at the heart of how dictionaries are written. When modern lexicographers try to add words to dictionaries, they tend to approach their work from the angle of descriptivism — that is, they observe how the language is being used, see if it’s a common phenomenon, and then write definitions based on their research.

2) Does the word have staying power?

Widespread usage does not, however, guarantee a word a shiny new definition in a dictionary. Is the word going to stay around for a while, or is it just a passing fad? Is it likely to be in use in 5, 10, 20, or even 100 years? These are important questions to ask because there are far more updates and new words to be added to dictionaries than lexicographers have time to write.

3) Are you famous? Do you have influence?

If you’re famous, that could definitely up your chances of getting a word into a dictionary. Are you a writer? That could help. Take, for example, William Shakespeare, who invented (or at least popularized) hundreds of words and phrases commonly used today. Politicians also make their contributions. Abraham Lincoln invented the word neologize, and Winston Churchill has the first citation(引语）in the OED for many words, including fluffily and fly-in. So if you’re a person with influence and a following, the words you use can spread into common usage, which, as discussed above, is very important when it comes to gaining dictionary-entry.

4) Does the word fill a gap in the language?

If you’re not famous, there are other ways. Maybe you’re a scientist introducing new concepts to the public. Take, for example, the Higgs Boson particle(粒子), named after physicist Peter W. Higgs. But you don’t have to be a scientist to get your word a dictionary entry. Just look at Dominique Ansel, the pastry chef (糕点师) who captured the stomachs of New Yorkers with his dessert, the cronat. His invention even inspired copycats in the form of doissants and daffins.

Apart from these, it does sometimes help if the word is fun to say. The term blog is relatively new, which arose in 1999 when Peter Merholz made a light-hearted comment on the sidebar of his “weblog” telling his readers “I’ve decided to pronounce the word ‘weblog’ as wee’-blog. Or ‘blog’ for short.” And there’s also Dr. Seuss, who invented the term nerd.

So, why do some words make it into dictionaries while others don’t? With the knowledge discussed above in hand, the answer is more than obvious. Go forth! Use language creatively! Lexicographers are listening!

Title: How does a word gain 1. into the dictionary?

Reasons

Details

Examples

Being used 2.

With the approach of descriptivism, modern lexicographers will observe how commonly a word is used and 3. it according to their research.

Having staying power

The 4.a word remains in use, the more likely it is to be put into the dictionary.

Being invented by famous people

Chances of dictionary entry also 5.if the new word is invented by people of importance and influence.

hundreds of words and phrases invented by literary figures and 6.

7.a gap in the language

If a word introduces new scientific concepts, or 8. new inventions, it will probably get into the dictionary.

the Higgs Boson particle; cromit, doissants, duffins

Being fun to say

Some words make it into dictionaries because they carry a 9. of fun when you use them.

10., nerd

In accordance to the latest news report, two hundred people died in the accident, _______, which made the parents cry their heart out.

A. many of them children

B. many of them were children

C. and many of them children

D. many of which were children

He _____ to the meeting ten minutes earlier, but he was _______ by a heavy fog.

A. was supposed to come; held out

B. is supposed to come; held back

C. is supposed to have come; held up

D. was supposed to come; held back

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。（说明：E请填涂AB；F填涂CD；G填涂ABC）

Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer (温度计) for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear.

1. . We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don’t feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.

Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale. Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide. 2. .

The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts. That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube. 3. .

First, take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with colored water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw through the nail hole.

4. .

Finally, place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water lever easily.

5. . As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the lever in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week.

A. Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.

B. People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.

C. We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.

D. The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.

E. Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.

F. Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal them together.

G. They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degree and boils at 100 degrees.

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