题目内容
Planting trees around poultry farms can improve air and water quality -- and relations with neighbors. Research has shown that just three rows of trees near poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia(氨). They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas.
The trees take dust, ammonia and odors in their leaves. They also provide shade from the sun, so they reduce cooling costs in summer. And they act as a windbreak, so they reduce heating costs in winter. Trees can also improve water quality around farms by removing pollutions from soil and groundwater.
Several years ago, people were objecting to the odor of poultry farms on the Delmarva Peninsula in the eastern United State s. Delmarva is where the states of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia come together. Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens.
Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses. Farmers rarely planted trees or tall crops around the buildings, so there would be no barrier to the airflow. But then farms began to use new ventilation systems. Instead of windows, the new systems used tunnel fans to circulate air. The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors.
Researchers began dealing with the problem in two thousand. They found that over a period of six years, planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half. And they found that smells were reduced by eighteen percent.
Farmers may think trees will take too long to grow and be effective. But some trees can grow quickly. At least one-third of the Delmarva farms have planted trees, technically known as vegetative environmental buffers. The idea offers a way to cut pollution, save money and energy, and make the neighbors happy.
【小题1】The second paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A.planting trees as much as possible |
B.the advantages of trees |
C.how to reduce heating costs |
D.why trees are received |
A.plant | B.smell | C.height | D.water |
A.trees | B.tunnel fans | C.windows | D.poles |
A.three rows of trees are really good to the environment |
B.researches began to realize the problem in 2000 |
C.most farmers show interest in planting trees |
D.the trees growing quickly can be cut off in a few years |
【小题1】B
【小题2】B
【小题3】C
【小题4】A
解析【小题1】主旨大意题。本段提到:树木可以吸收灰尘、氨气;可以提供阴凉;冬季减少供热成本;改善水质等,所以认为这是提到树木的好处。
【小题2】词义猜测题。根据第一段中They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas.及第三段中Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens.可知人们讨厌农场的气味。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据句子Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses.可知。
【小题4】推理判断题。倒数第二段提到planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half. And they found that smells were reduced by eighteen percent.由此可知。
Not all vegetables need lots of sunshine. Mark Hoffman and his wife own a bed-and-breakfast guesthouse in rural Kempton, Illinois. They often serve their guests fresh products from the garden.
The Hoffmans have been growing food and flowers for twenty-five years. For almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffman has been experimenting and working with shade (阴凉) plantings. He says, “The bottom line here is that most plants will produce more in full sun. But if you do not have full sun, there are other choices.”
For example, he grows tomatoes near oak trees. Oak trees can produce a lot of shade. But Mr. Hoffman says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours’ direct sunshine a day, especially morning sun. Not only does this go against the traditional advice that tomatoes need six, eight, even twelve hours’ full sun a day. It also shows how plants and tree roots can share nutrients and water.
Mr. Hoffman says plants with wider leaves seem to do better in shady environments. He also found that his potatoes did better partly in shade than in full sun.
Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem. Mr. Hoffman does not use pesticide (农药). Instead, he planted the potatoes in the shade, especially on the east side of the tree. The potatoes get morning sun, but they are shaded during the hottest part of the day. Some insects dislike shade, and the hottest part day is when they do the worst of their damage.
Time of day, sun intensity (强度), shadows from trees, walls and buildings all influence how much sunlight falls on plants. And people interested in shade planting should also remember something else. The term “shade” can describe different amounts of darkness. It can even mean different things in different parts of the world.
1.How many hours of sunshine are enough to keep tomato plants growing in Hoffman’s garden?
A.five hours a day |
B.Six hours a day |
C.Eight hours a day |
D.Twelve hours a day |
2.From the passage we can know that ______ .
A.plants with wider leaves produce more in full sun. |
B.as a matter of fact, plants don’t need to grow in full sun. |
C.the more sunshine plants get, the more they will produce |
D.plants with wider leaves grow better in shadows |
3.All of the following can influence how much sunlight falls on plants EXCEPT ______.
A.length of day time |
B.brightness of the sun |
C.changes of the season |
D.shadows |
4. Which of the following can best describe Mr. Hoffman?
A.Curious |
B.Experienced |
C.Easy-going |
D.Funny |
5.We may read the passage on a website in the section of ______.
A.environment |
B.travelling |
C.agriculture |
D.lifestyle |
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每空格1个单词。
What is ecofashion?Eco-fashion is about making clothes that take into account the environment, the health of consumers and the working conditions of people in the fashion industry. It is a complex phenomenon and the common use of the term covers two aspects of fashion —‘ecological’ and ‘ethical’.Ecological fashion usually refers to textile (织物) and clothing production processes and the environmental issues surrounding them;ethical fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing processes.
What are the problems with fashion?A closer look at the fashion industry points out many problems that are common practices in the creation of our fashions from the field to the factory. Firstly,the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cottonplanting uses pesticides;sheepfarming and woolcleaning contribute to global warming;syntheticsmaking (人造纤维生产) brings about waste which does harm to our environment. Secondly,every stage of clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy,and some also involve harmful chemicals. In addition to this,there is a lot of waste produced in the process,especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly,growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural environment,and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.
Then,how to solve the problems? Other industries that design products are ahead of the fashion industry when it comes to choosing sustainable materials, designing for minimum waste, choosing energy efficient manufacturing and creating products for longevity. The fashion industry has been slow to adopt these changes and part of the problem is the very nature of fashion. To a large degree,it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint,from switching to green energy and reducing energy use,through selecting sustainable materials and choosing local suppliers,to recycle and minimize waste. On the other hand,as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption.
There is some concern that eco friendly fashions are just a trend that we will eventually grow tired of but we can make sure that doesn't happen. Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food free of chemicals are straightforward and immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact, choosing ecofashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet.
Why choose eco-fashion?
|
||
71 of fashion
|
Ecological
|
Textile & clothing production processes; Issues related to 72 |
Ethical
|
Working 73 involved |
|
Problems with fashion
|
Textile 74
|
Cotton-planting: use of pesticides; Sheepfarming & woolcleaning: global warming; Synthetics-making: 75 waste
|
Clothing production
|
Producing a lot of waste; Using harmful chemicals; 76 a great deal of energy
|
|
Consumption levels & shopping habits
|
New clothes: bought in increasing quantities
Old clothes: 77 away quickly |
|
78 to problems
|
Fashion producers
|
Ways to recycle and 79 waste: Switching to green energy; Reducing energy use; Selecting sustainable materials; Choosing local suppliers |
___80__
|
Selecting environmentally friendly clothing Reducing clothing consumption |
|
Choosing ecofashion can contribute to our personal health. |