题目内容

If people work to meet their needs，it would be good to know what these needs are.They are very simple.Dr.Maslow has suggested that people have only five needs.Every one has them，and everyone spends his or her life trying to satisfy them.Although we may try to satisfy our needs in different ways，we all are trying to satisfy the same needs.In a way，it is these needs，which are common to all people，that make us human.They seem to be a basic part of human nature.

The needs，which occur in the order shown below，can briefly be described as follows：

1．The Physiological Needs—Our needs for the things that keep our bodies alive­food，water，rest，air，elimination，etc.These needs come first.We must meet them or we will die.

2．The Safety Needs—First we need to stay alive，and then we need to be safe.There are two kinds of safety needs：the need to be physically safe and the need to be psychologically safe or secure.

3．The Belongingness Needs—Once we are alive and safe，we then try to satisfy our social need，a need to be with and accepted by other people.We discover our need for love.

4．The Esteem Needs—After our first three needs are fairly well met，we try to satisfy a fourth need.This is a need for recognition，respect，reputation.The need has two parts：self esteem (thinking well of ourselves) and the esteem of others.

5．The self­actualization (自我实现) Needs—The highest need of man is to actualize himself，to achieve his full potential，to become all that he might be.This need is one that no one ever satisfies completely，partly because we are too busy trying to satisfy our lower needs.

If Dr.Maslow is correct，those are the things we are after.Our work，rest，play­whatever we do—is done in an effort to meet one or more of those needs.

Title：Five Basic 76.____________

Names of the Needs

79.________

82.________

Physiology

Food，water，air，etc.

To be 83.________

77.________

physically safe

80．________secure

To be safe

Belongingness

A need to be with and

81．________by other people

To 84.________our social need

78.________

self esteem and the esteem of others

A need for recognition，respect，and reputation

Self­actualization

(1)achieving full potential

(2)actualizing  oneself

(3)becoming all that one might be

To 85.________full potential

76．Needs　77.Safety　78.Esteem

79．Contents/ Details/ Notes　80.psychologically　81.accepted　82.Purpose　83.alive

84．satisfy　85.achieve

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People turn to magic(魔力)chiefly as a form of insurance--that is, they use it along with actions that actually bring results. For example, hunters may use a hunting charm(咒语). But they also use their hunting skills and knowledge of animals. The charm may give hunters the extra confidence they need to hunt even more successfully than they would without it. If they shoot a lot of game(猎物), they credit the charm for their success. Many events happen naturally without magic. Crops grow without it, and sick people get well without it. But if people use magic to bring a good harvest or to cure a patient, they may believe the magic was responsible. 

People also tend to forget magic's failures and to be impressed by its surface successes. They may consider magic successful if it appears to work only 10 per cent of the time. Even when magic fails, people often explain the failure without doubting the power of the magic. They may say that the magician made a mistake in reciting the spell or that another magician cast a more powerful spell against the magician.

Many anthropologists(人类学家) believe that people have faith in magic because they feel a need to believe in it. People may turn to magic to reduce their fear and uncertainty if they feel they have no control over the outcome of a situation. For example, farmers use knowledge and skill when they plant their fields. But they know that weather, insects, or diseases might ruin the crops. So farmers in some societies may also plant a charm or perform a magic rite to ensure a good harvest.

16.From the passage, we can learn that the writer of the passage may be _______.

A. a hunter     B. a farmer     C. a magician    D. an anthropologist

17.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A. Magic and Hunting.          B. Magic and Farming.

C. Why Magic Works?          D. Why People Believe in Magic?

18. The underlined word “spell”(Paragraph 2) most likely means______.

A. magic words.    B. magic events.    C. words or expressions     D. magicians.

19. People believe in magic because________.

A. magic powers are greater than natural powers

B. magic can turn dreams into reality

C. they are not sure of themselves  

D. magic can bring good results

20. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Even though magic fails, believers in magic will explain the reason.

B. Believers in magic usually overstate the power of magic.

C. People use magic to reduce their uncertainty and give them extra confidence

D. Magic can solve problems people can’t deal with in a natural way.

Mobile phones are an important business tool for farmers in rural areas. But they also put a valuable educational tool in their hands.

The University of Illinois in the United States has a project called SAWBO—Scientific Animations Without Borders. It produces educational videos that can be downloaded to cell phones. The goal is to help people in developing countries improve their lives.

One video shows farmers how to make a natural insecticide from neem seeds to prevent insect damage to crops. The process starts with sorting and drying the neem fruits. Then let the fruit dry in the sun for about three or four days, until they become brown. Using a mortar(碾槌) and stick, the fruits are slightly pounded to remove the shells from the fruits without breaking the seed inside.

The videos use computer animation(动画). Some of the animated characters are a little funny looking-like a farmer with a long nose. But the subjects are serious, including a health video on preventing cholera(霍乱). Team member Francisco Seufferheld says the information in the videos is meant to be quickly understood. He says, “The information is digested in such a way that in two minutes, we can transmit a complex idea.”

The researchers tested the seven-minute video on seven mobile phones. They wanted to see if people would share the video using Bluetooth wireless technology. With Bluetooth, files can be passed to a nearby phone even if neither phone is connected to the Internet. As a result, in one month, the video had spread to one hundred eighteen people in fifty different villages. “This is just incredible impact,” said Francisco Seufferheld.

The team has made a few videos so far. These are available in a total of eighty languages, dialects and accents. Professor Barry Pittendrigh says there are plans for more videos later this year.

1.What is the text mainly about?

A．A best-selling mobile phone

B．A valuable educational project for farmers

C．United States support for developing countries

D．A new type of scientist –farmer relationship

2.The SAWBO program is introduced in order to ____.

A．raise farmers’ standard of living

B．do some research on mobile phones

C．develop farmers’ practical skills

D．help farmers prevent insect damage to corps

3.The biggest advantage of the program is that it______.

A．includes health video on preventing cholera

B．can be passed to farmers using Bluetooth technology

C．can be used to sort and dry the neem fruits

D．is easy for farmers to understand

4.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “ pound” in the 3rd paragraph?

A．moved

B．beat

C．picked

D．cut

 

C

Not many years ago, some American farmers began to complain about hawks(鹰). The hawks were killing chickens. The farmers did not know what to do. They went to the government officials and asked for help.

The officials said, “ We’ll pay you for each hawk you kill.” The farmers began to kill the hawks. Many hawks were killed, but the farmers now had another problem. The field mice were growing in number and they were eating up the farmers’ corn. Hawks eat not only chickens but also field mice. They eat more field mice than chickens. But if the farmers had known that, they would not have upset(打乱) the balance of nature. In one part of the USA, there are deer which eat a kind of wild rose. The deer are eaten by mountain lions. The number of deer, mountain lions, and wild rose does not change much if people stay away from them. If there are too many deer, mountain lions will increase rapidly in number and kill many deer. If there are too many mountain lions, there will be fewer deer and there will be more roses.

It is always necessary for us to keep the balance of nature. The government once killed almost all the mountain lions to protect the deer. Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. Then they began to eat the green leaves of young trees which were important to the farmers.

So the farmers protected their trees from the deer. The deer had nothing to eat, and many of them died.

The government learned a valuable lesson from nature.

44. What had happened after the hawks were killed?

A. People wouldn’t worry about their chickens.

B. The number of the field mice became too large.

C. The number of the field mice became small.

D. The field mice were eating up the farmers’ corn.

45. Why did American people have to protect their trees?

A. Because the mountain lions destroyed the trees.

B. Because there were so many deer that they began to eat the green leaves.

C. Because they wanted the trees to grow well.

D. Because the trees are more important than the deer.

46. What can we learn from the article?

A. We must keep the balance of nature.

B. We must not kill any animals.

C. we must feed the hawks with our corn to keep the balance of nature.

D. Both A and B.

 

 

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

 If you walk into W. Lloyd Jerome’s dental surgery(手术) in Glasgow, you’ll see bright paintings and a fashionable blue couch which patients sit on while he checks their teeth. Jerome says, ‘That’s because they’re frightened.’

   71   ‘That’s why I don’t wear a white coat. I find that’s one of the things that people associate with pain. In fact, my philosophy is that dental treatment should take place in an atmosphere of relaxation, interest and, above all , enjoyment.’

 Which is all highly shocking for anyone who associates dental treatment with pain, or at the very least, formal, chinical visits. He says, ‘If people are relaxed, entertained and correctly treated, they will forget such previous unpleasant experiences.’

 Virtual -  reality headsets are one of his new relaxation techniques, ‘  72   The headsets are used for the first check – up, where the patient sits on the blue couch and watches an underwear film while I look at their teeth. “Then the headset switches to a special camera, to give the patient a visual tour around their mouth.’

 Another key point is that the surgery smells more like a perfume shop than a dentist’s. Today there is the smell of orange. “When people walk in, I want them to realize  with all their senses that it’s not like going to dentist’s. Smell is very important.  73  ’

 Known as Clasgow’s most fashionable dentist, Jerome is keen to point out that he takes his work very seriously. ‘  74  ’

 For example, Jerome uses a special instrument which sprays warm water on the teeth to clean them, rather than scraping them. ‘It feels a bit strange, but as long as people are relaxed, it’s not painful.’

   75  ‘One of the things I found out there was that when you make it easier for the patient, you make it easier for yourself’ He sees his patient – centred attitude as the start of a gradual movement towards less formality in the conservative British dentistry profession.

 At that moment, a patient arrives. Jerome rushes over, offers him a cup of tea, askes him what video he’d like to watch and leads him gently towards the chair.

 A. Five years ago, Jerome went to the United States to do research.

 B. He has tried to create an environment where people are not afraid.

 C. The relaxation techniques are important but the quality of the treatment is the most important thing.

 D. We were the first practice in Britain to introduce them.

 E. Now they look forward to their visits here.

 F. That dental smell of surgical spirit can get the heart racing in minutes if you’re frightened of dentists.

 G. Fifty percent of the population only go to the dentist when they’re in pain.

 

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。

［1］Losing weight is hard enough. Keeping it off is even harder. Now a new study by researchers at Penn State suggests that the techniques that work for losing weight aren’t necessarily the same as those that help keep you slim.

[2]First the researchers surveyed over 1,100 people who had achieved significant weight loss and maintained it. The researchers identified 36 weight-loss and weight-maintenance practices that at least10% of the group used.

[3]Then the researchers conducted a national telephone survey of overweight people who had tried to lose weight and keep it off with different success: about 11% reported successfully losing weight, and 21% were able to maintain that loss for at least a year.

[4]The survey found people who         did so by participating in weight loss programs, cutting back on sugar, eating healthy snacks, not skipping meals and participating in different types of exercise.

[5]Still, say many nutrition and obesity experts. The basic principles of weight loss and maintenance are the same; you have to eat a healthy diet and increase your exercise. People who lose weight and keep it off tend to eat significantly healthier foods and do a lot more exercise than the average American.

[6]But what may maintain between weight-loss and maintenance is a person’s attitude; rather than focusing on actively losing weight in the short term. People have to start focusing on long-term, permanent lifestyle changes and behaviors, if they want to maintain the weight that’s been lost. The key to success, experts agree, is motivation, not necessarily the particulars of your weight-loss program.

 

1.What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words)

                                                                              

2.Complete the following statement with words from the text. (no more than 5 words)

     If people want to keep            , they have to pay attention to the lifestyle changes and the behaviors.

3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)

                                                                              

4.What do experts say about weight loss and maintenance? (no more than 10 words)

                                                                              

5.What does the word “those” (line 2, paragraph 1) refer to?   (no more than 3 words)

                                                                              

 

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