题目内容
People who breathe infected air from a TB patient can become infected with the tuberculosis(肺结核) bacteria(细菌). However, most people with active tuberculosis do not expel (驱逐,逐出)very many TB bacteria. So, the spread of the disease usually does not happen unless a person spends a large amount of time with a TB patient. Those most at risk are family members, friends and people who live or work closely with a patient.
Tuberculosis can attack any part of the body. However, the lungs are the most common targets(目标) of the bacteria. People with the disease show several signs. They may expel air from the lungs suddenly with an explosive(爆炸性的) noise. This kind of cough continues for a long period of time. People with a more severe case of tuberculosis also may cough up blood.
People with the disease often have high body temperatures. They suffer what are called night sweats, during which their bodies release large amounts of water through the skin. TB victims also are tired all the time. They are not interested in eating. So their bodies lose weight.
One thing that is especially dangerous about TB is that people with moderate(中等的) signs of the disease may not know they have had it. They may spread the disease to others without even knowing it. So, it is very important for people to get tested for tuberculosis.
The spread of the TB is through__________.
A、food B、air C、clothes D、touching
Family members are those most at risk to be infected with the tuberculosis bacteria,_____________.
A、because they have the same bath room B、because they have blood relationship
C、because they love each other very much D、because they live in the same room
The common signs of TB are ___________.
A、cough or even cough with blood, night sweat, and tired of sleeping.
B、cough or even cough with blood, night sweat, and eating too much
C、cough, fever, feeling tired, night sweat, losing weight
D、cough, fever, feeling tired, night sweat, eating too much
Why may some TB patients spread the disease to others without even knowing it?
A、Because there is no sign in the early stage of the disease.
B、Because these patients don’t show any signs of the disease.
C、Because these patients’ signs of the disease are too weak to be noticed.
D、Because these patients don’t know how the disease spreads between people.
【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】C
【小题4】C
解析:
略
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Health researchers have noticed that some groups of people are more consistently healthy than others, and wondered… Is it race? Income? Where you live? In the United States, these disagreements in health outcomes have been the focus of intense research for the past several decades.
Harvard University health policy researcher Ellen Meara says scholars have found some clues as to why some groups of people have more or less disease than others. She says one important factor in people’s health is the amount of education they have.
In her most recent paper, Meara looked at data from the United states census. These counts of people occur every 10 years. Meara and her colleagues examined data from several decades.
“We looked at life expectancy(预测寿命) at age 25,” Meara says.
“How many additional years can you expect to live if you arrive at age 25 and your education has stopped at high school, or sooner? Versus how many years, can you expect to live if you’ve reached aged 25 and you’ve gone on to at least some college…”
Meara says they found that in 1990, a 25-year-old who only had some secondary school could expect to live for a total of 75 years. In 2000, a 25-year-old with some secondary education could also expect to live to the age of 75.
In contrast, for a better educated 25-year-old, they could expect to live to the age of 80 in 1990. Someone with a similar education level in the year 2000, could expect to live to be more than 81 years, 81.6 years to be exact.
Meara says, not only do better-educated people live longer to begin with, but in the past ten years, more educated people have made gains in the length of their lives. Meanwhile, the life expectancy hasn’t changed for less educated people.
Some of these gains can be explained. Meara says researchers know that people who are more educated are more likely to quit smoking cigarettes, or not start at all, compared to people with less education.
“I think it’s a reminder not to be satisfactory,” Meara says. “Just because a population overall appears to be getting healthier, it doesn’t always mean that those advantages and successes that many people have enjoyed really extend into all parts of the population. And I think that’s something to really pay attention to regardless of whether you live in the US or elsewhere.”
Meara points out that education can often determine income---people with more education frequently make more money. This makes them aware of health care, and purchase other resources and services that can keep them healthier. But the data on income do NOT show that people who make more money are automatically healthier.
Meara says education is key. People need to be educated in order to take advantage of opportunities for better health.
Title | The Amount of Contributes to People’s Health | ||||
The less educated people | The ______ educated people | ||||
Comparisons | In 1990 | They could live for 75 years | They could live to the age of 80 | ||
In 2000 | Their life expectancy was the same as in 1990. | They could live to the age of 81.6 ____ | |||
___ of the research | In the past ten years | Their life expectancy remained _____. | They’ve made gains in the length of their lives, partly due to their __ smoking. | ||
People are getting healthier, but it doesn’t mean that the advantages and successes extend into all parts of the ____. | |||||
Education____income. | People with more education make more money | ||||
Getting more money helps to increase their___ of health care, which can keep them healthier. | |||||
____ | Education is the key to better health. | ||||