题目内容
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative meaning.
So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation （创新）. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become.
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,”says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind.“But we are taught instead to ‘decide’, just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider’．”She adds, however, that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
“All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,”she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively （合作地） and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will…and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have preserved, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in.
Brain researchers have discovered that .
A．the forming of new habits can be guided
B．the development of habits can be predicted
C．the regulation of old habits can be transformed
D．the track of new habits can be created unconsciously
The underlined word“ruts”in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .
A．zones B．connections C．situations D．tracks
Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna Markova’s view?
A．Decision makes no sense in choices.
B．Curiosity makes creative minds active.
C．Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.
D．Formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.
The purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us .
A．to give up our traditional habits deliberately
B．to create and develop new habits consciously
C．to resist the application of standardized testing
D．to believe that old habits conflict with new habits
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The story I'm going to tell truly happened in my life. The other day, I met a man outside the gym who 21 a movie star. He was handsome and smiling. His upper body was muscular and he 22 to be on top of the world. "How are you?" I 23 with a smile. "I'm doing really well," he replied in a cheerful voice. His enthusiasm and big smile 24 the parking garage. 25 as he walked up, I 26 his long legs were thin and I saw he had a silver cane (手杖). "Why do you need that cane?" I couldn't 27 thinking he had a minor injury. "I have MS," he answered in a 28 voice too, as his broad smile 29 left his face. Multiple Sclerosis is a very serious disease and often painful. I looked at him from my little red sports car and said, "You 30 it very well. You seem like a happy man 31 the MS. " Without losing a bit of his smile he replied, "I am a happy man," and then added, "I'd be even happier if I had that sports 32 . " It was ironic (讽刺的). Just 33 we spoke, I'd been sitting in that little sports car, feeling sad about my painful shoulder over the last 11 months although ! was 34 after an operation. Here's a man with a 35 far tougher than mine, but his positive attitude made him feel no 36 happiness. He went on with his enjoyment of life as usual, which moved me deeply. It was also a wonderful reminder of that old 37 , "t cried because I had no shoes. Then I met a man who had no feet. " 38 your problems, just keep in 39 that none of us goes through life 40 and like the man with MS, make the most of what you have. Count your blessings.21．A．stared at B．talked about C．agreed with D．looked like22．A．conducted B．appeared C．performed D．pretended23．A．questioned B．advised C．complained D．greeted24．A．lit up B．put up C．held up D．kept up25．A．So B．And C．But D．Though26．A．diagnosed B．noticed C．examined D．checked27．A．want B．set C．wait D．help28．A．cheerful B．sad C．low D．painful29．A．sometimes B．regularly C．never D．always30．A．need B．handle C．demand D．deal31．A．in spite of B．in return for C．thanks to D．but for32．A．training B．coach C．coat D．car33．A．when B．until C．before D．since34．A．recovering B．suffering C．repairing D．benefiting35．A．direction B．location C．situation D．position36．A．fewer B．less C．further D．more37．A．story B．news C．saying D．lesson38．A．Whatever B．However C．Whichever D．Whenever39．A．head B．brain C．heart D．mind40．A．completely B．easily C．hardly D．lightly
II．完形填空命题意图：以下两篇完形填空题的主题突出，语言简明，容易理解，绝大部分试题属于根据主旨分析判断的理解题，有利于学生解题，提高他们的解题能力和自信心。请针对学生实际情况，选用以下训练题。（1） My father was an ill-humored man．I knew he loved me and his love was deep．He just didn’t know how to 36 it.One evening we went out for a night on the town．We were sitting in an elegant restaurant that had a small but lively 37 ．When it played a familiar waltz tune I decided to 38 him for a dance.“Dad, you know I’ve never 39 with you before．I begged you but you 40 wanted to．How about right now?”I waited for the 41 refusal．But instead, he considered thoughtfully and then said, “Let’s hit the floor and I’ll 42 you just what kind of moves an old guy like me can still make.”My father took me in his 43 and I felt overcome by emotion.As we danced I looked up at my father carefully but he 44 my eyes.“Dad,” I finally 45 , tears in my eyes, “Why is it so hard for you to look at me?” At last his eyes dropped to my face．“ 46 I love you so much.” he whispered back．I was struck dumb by his 47 ．It wasn’t what I had thought．But it was of course exactly what I needed to 48 ．I had always known that he loved me．I just hadn’t understood that his vast emotion had 49 him and made him silent．“I love you too, Dad!” I whispered back softly．He stumbled （结结巴巴地说） over the next few words: “I’m sorry that I’m not open．It’s 50 for me, but just remember how much I love you.” When the dance ended I excused myself to the ladies’ room and during my absence 51 changed．When I came back, Dad sat in his chair 52 his body leaning forward, very pale．Everything was really too late．He was 53 ．That night all I saw was his leaning body and pale face．But it’s a totally different scene that I 54 now．I remember him saying “I love you” and my saying it back．The three words 55 on forever long after we are gone．36．A．answer B．express C．mention D．understand37．A．band B．hall C．sofa D．bar38．A．invite B．teach C．help D．show39．A．chatted B．sang C．danced D．stayed40．A．still B．even C．also D．never41．A．final B．normal C．rough D．usual42．A．tell B．show C．ask D．explain 43．A．arms B．hands C．heart D．mind 44．A．noticed B．ignored C．avoided D．greeted 45．A．complained B．whispered C．explained D．shouted 46．A．Because B．Though C．If D．While47．A．response B．advise C．promise D．excuse 48．A．find B．know C．hear D．think49．A．surprised B．pleased C．inspired D．frightened50．A．clear B．important C．impossible D．hard 51．A．everything B．something C．nothing D．anything 52．A．for B．with C．on D．from53．A．moved B．tired C．lost D．gone 54．A．discover B．remember C．remind D．consider55．A．depend B．carry C．live D．take
The sun shone in through the dining room window，lighting up the hardwood floor. We had been talking there for nearly two hours．The phone of the“Nightline”rang yet again and Morrie asked his helper．Connie，to get it .She had been taking down the callers’names in Morrie’s small black appointment book .It was clear 1 was not the only one interested in visiting my old professor—the“Nightline”appearance had made him something of a big figure—but I was impressed with．perhaps even a bit envious of，all the friends that Morrie seemed to have“You know．Mitch，now that I'm dying，I've become much more interesting to people．I’m on the last great journey here——and people want me to tell them what to pack．” The phone rang again．“Morrie，can you talk?”Connie asked .“I’m visiting with my old friend now，”he announced．“Let them call back．” I cannot tell you why he received me so warmly．I was hardly the promising student who had left him sixteen years earlier．Had it not been for“Nightline，”Morrie might have died without ever seeing me again． What happened to me? The eighties happened .The nineties happened．Death and sickness and getting fat and going bald happened．I traded lots of dreams for a bigger paycheck，and I never even realized I was doing it .Yet here was Morrie talking with the wonder of our college years，as if I'd simply been on a long vacation “Have you found someone to share your heart with?” he asked .“Are you at peace with yourself?” “Are you trying to be as human as you can be?” I felt ashamed，wanting to show I had been trying hard to work out such questions．Whathappened to me? I once promised myself I would never work for money，that I would join thePeace Corps，and that 1 would w*w^w.k&s#5@u.c~o*mlive in beautiful，inspirational places． Instead, I had been in Detroit for ten years，at the same workplace，using the same bank，visiting the same barber .I was thirty-seven，more mature than in college，tied to computers and modems and cell phones．I was no longer young，nor did I walk around in gray sweatshirts with unlit cigarettes in my mouth．I did not have long discussions over egg salad sandwiches about the meaning of life． My days were full，yet I remained，much of the time，unsatisfied . What happened to me?56．When did the author graduate from Morrie’s college? A．In the eighties． B．In the nineties． C．When he was sixteen D．When he was twenty-one．57．What do we know about the“Nightline”?A．Morrie started it by himself B．It helped Morrie earn a fame．C．The author helped Morrie start it． D．It was only operated at night．58．What can we infer from the passage? A．Both the author and Morrie liked travelling. B．Morrie liked helping people pack things for their journeys. C．The author envied Morrie’s friends the help they got from him. D．The author earned a lot of money at the cost of his dreams.59．What’s the author’s feeling when he writes this passage? A．Regretful. B．Enthusiastic. C．Sympathetic. D．Humorous.
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It is in the Himalayan Mountains between Nepal and China, and it is 8 900 meters high. Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal were the first people ever to climb Mount Everest. They climbed it in 1953. Men from several different countries climbed it after that.Jumko Tabei, a Japanese from Hokkaido, was the first woman to make this difficult climb. A Tokyo newspaper television organized the climb in 1975. They chose fifteen women from mountaineering (登山) clubs to go to Nepal. The group climbed for several days. Then there was an avalanche (雪崩). The heavy ice and snow injured ten of the women. They had to stop climbing, the other five women continued.Only Ms. Tabei was able to climbing the last 70 meters. She was standing on the top of the world. She was the first woman there.Ms. Tabei was 35 years old at the time. She is 1 meter 50 centimeters and weighs 42 kilograms. She says that she is an ordinary housewife. She started climbing mountains in 1960. She climbed every mountain in Japan. Then she climbed Mount Annapurna, another high mountain in the Himalayas. Finally she climbed the world’s highest mountain.When she reached the top, she thought, “I’m at the top and I’m glad that I’m at the top.” Then she climbed back down the mountain.1. Ms. Tabei was great because _________.A. she was the first one ever to climb Mount EverestB. she had climbed every mountain in JapanC. she was the first woman that climbed the world’s highest mountainD. she had climbed many mountains though she was small and young2. “The heavy ice and snow injured ten of the women.” The word “injured” means ________. A. killed B. hurt C. buried D. froze3. Which of the following is true?A.None of the group reached the top of Mount Everest.B. Ms. Tabei was one of the other five women who reached the top of Mount Everest.C. The other five women reached the top of Mount Everest but Ms. Tabei was the first one.D. Ms. Tabei was the only one of the group who reached the top of Mount Everest.4. Ms. Tabei had practiced climbing for _________ years. A. fifteen B. twenty-two C. thirteen D. ten 5.What’s the main idea of the passage ? A. The highest mountain in the world. B. The first woman to set foot on the highest mountain in the world. C. How to climb the highest mountain in the world. D. The exploration to the highest mountain in the world.
orry that I’m not open．It’s 50 for me, but just remember how much I love you.”