Did you know that sixty per cent of your body weight is water? However,

a loss of only two per cent of this water throughdehydration(脱水) during exercise can significantly affect your performance. The more you sweat, the more your exerciseperformance declines, unless you drink enough to replace your lossof fluids.

When you lose too much water, you can overheat quite easily,especially in a warm environment.But this is not the only problemyou may face. Dehydration leads to your heart pumping muchfaster, which means exercise becomes more difficult and requiresmore effort. Despite these problems, however, many of us simplydo not take enough fluids in when we head for the gym or set outon a run.

So why is this? How do we manage to lose so much waterwithout simply drinking more toreplace it? Well, it?s easier thanyou think. When we are at rest, we quickly become aware that weare thirsty and will put that right by having a drink. When weexercise, on the other hand, our thirstmechanism(结构) does notwork as effectively, so we don?t notice early enough that we areactually thirsty. In fact, we only start to feel thirsty when we havealready lost around two per cent of our body weight.

Another problem is that, the more dehydrated we becomeduring exercise, the more difficult it is to prevent furtherdehydration—because our stomachs become intolerant to fluidsand we do not absorb water properly, just when we need it most.

The key thing about fluids and exercise is to manage yourintakeproperly

—regular small amounts are preferable, and someshould be drunk before the period of exercise begins. You alsoneed to match your intake to the sort of exercise you are doing. For example, for one hour of exercise, such as taking part in a 10 km run, you need to drink about two extra litres of water. For longer periods of exercise, sports drinks are recommended.

1.We know from the text that during exercise, dehydration _____.

A. can be easily avoided

B. will lead to poor performance

C. can cause many health problems

D. will be controlled whenever we drink again

2.Why do people suffer from dehydration easily during exercise?

A. Their thirst mechanism stops working. B. Their focus is on the exercise.

C. Their thirst response is slow. D. Their stomachs are full.

3.When exercising, you are advised to _____.

A. have regular breaks B. drink water accordingly

C. drink sports water in advance D. have at least two litres of water

Smith entered Mr. Watson's office. The boss was a hard man. He fired people who didn't do well without giving them a second chance.

"Smith,"said Mr. Watson," this past year your department hasn't earned money. We're going to drop that department. It's finished. I'm sorry, but you'll have to go.""But, sir, if I just had a little more time. For the moment I need the job to keep my son at Riverside School."

"What's that!" said the boss. "Riverside!I didn't know you had a boy there. That's an expensive school for a man with your salary."

"I know,sir. But he likes it there so much!He's a star athlete and the best boxer in the school. The boys call him Champ(冠军) there."

The boss sat perfectly still for a long time---a faraway(恍惚的) look in his eyes. Then, suddenly, he said,"We've got to close your department, Smith. But you'll take over a new job in another department. It means longer hours, maybe more pay. Now get out.You're here for life."

Smith got out, with surprise on his face.Then the boss took a letter from the top drawer of his desk. It was Herbie's last letter from Riverside School written a few days before he died. He had read it over and over again with sick pain.

The letter read:

I can't say the boys here are any nicer to me than the others were. I guess it's the same everywhere when you're a cripple(跛脚的人). But don't worry about me, Dad. They've got a good chemistry department here. And there's one boy here who is really great. He's a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.The boys call him Champ. He made them stop throwing my books around. And he knocked a boy down who hit me. He is the best friend I ever had. Dad, when I grow up, I want to do something for Champ. Something big that he won't even know about.

1.Mr.Watson wanted to fire Smith because ______ .

A. Smith would take over a new job in another department.

B. Smith's son knocked a boy down who hit Herbie.

C. Smith's department didn't earn money that year.

D. Smith had his son study in Riverside School.

2.We can learn from the text that ______ .

A. Mr.Watson wanted to realize Champ's dream.

B. Mr.Watson didn't know that Champ was Smith's son at first.

C. Mr.Watson decided to give Smith another chance in no time.

D. Mr.Watson was told not to fire Smith by Herbie.

3.According to the text,which words can best describe Mr.Watson? ______

A. Easy-going and optimistic. B. Hardworking and sympathetic.

C. Strict and grateful. D. Selfish and greedy.

4.The author wrote the text in order to ______ .

A. help us to deal with our boss B. make our children enjoy life

C. provide us with tips on work D. share a moving story with us

Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.

How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.

“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can manfen5 get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.

Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.

1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?

A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.

C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.

2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?

A. 7 hours. B. 8 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 18 hours.

3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?

A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.

B. They tend to do things that excite them.

C. They follow their parents’ examples.

D. They don’t need to go to school early.

Pacific Science Center Guide

◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store

Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.

◆Hungry

Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.

◆Rental Information

Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.

◆Support Pacific Science Center

Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.

1.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?

A. In Building 1.

B. In Building 3.

C. At the last Dome.

D. At the Denny Way entrance.

2.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?

A. Train Science teachers.

B. Disncie scicnce books.

C. Distribute scientific research.

D. Take science to the classroom.

3.What is the purpose of the last part of the text?

A. To encourage donations.

B. To advertise coming events.

C. To introduce special exhibits.

D. To tell about the Center’s history.

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