题目内容

Ten years ago I used to be very fit. I rode a bike to work and I got a lot of exercise at weekends. I used to play tennis a lot and go for long walks. In those days I didn’t earn very much. I had a job in an office. It wasn’t a

very good job but I had a lot of time to do the things I enjoyed.

Then, about eight years ago, I got a much better job. The pay was better, but the hours were a lot longer. I bought a car and drove to work every day. I began to take people out to lunch. And I began to put on weight, too. I stopped playing tennis and going for long walks at weekends because I just didn’t have any time for things like those any more.

There’s a lot of stress in my job. Perhaps that’s why I started drinking more than I used to. For example, I used to have only half a glass of whisky when I got home, but then I started filling my glass to the top, and instead of having one glass, I would have several. I started smoking a lot, too. I never used to smoke at all.

Two months ago I had a heart attack. At first I just couldn’t believe it. Luckily it wasn’t very serious. The doctor advised me to stop smoking and to eat less. He also advised me to work less and get more exercise. But I just haven’t any time! My job takes everything out of me!

Sometimes I wonder if I should get another job. Perhaps I could do something as I used to. But if I do that, I won’t earn as much. I have a family to support. I have to think of them, too. I just don’t know what I should do. What do you think?

1.According to the passage, when the author got the better job, which of the following is NOT true?

A. He got higher pay.

B. His working hours weren’t long.

C. He found it very stressful.

D. He had little free time at weekends.

2.After the author had a heart attack, the doctor advised him .

A. not to work any longer

B. to take a long vacation abroad

C. to stop smoking and take exercise

D. not to eat out any more

3.What can we learn about the author?

A. The author is not sure what he should do now.

B. The author has taken the doctor’s advice already.

C. The author has got another new job.

D. The author feels much better now.

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Millions of Americans began 2015 with the same resolution (决定) they started 2014 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.

To reach our goal of losing weight — the output, we need to control what we eat —the input (输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to achieve goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of determining to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having dessert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a specific (具体的) input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.

Recently a new science behind incentives (激励), including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”. Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.

As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. For instance, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable goal that you could stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.

In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.

1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _________.

A. it is focused too much on the result

B. it is hard to achieve for ordinary people

C. it is dependent on too many things

D. it is based on actionable decisions

2.In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because ________.

A. they obeyed the general rules of learning

B. they benefited from reading certain books

C. they attached more importance to exams

D. they were greatly inspired by their instructors

3.According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?

A. “I’ll study harder than before.”

B. “I’ll cut down my expense.”

C. “I’ll spend more time with my family.”

D. “I’ll walk every day for 15 minutes.”

4.The writer strongly believes that we should __________.

A. be optimistic about final goals and stick to them

B. focus more on the outcome and form good habits

C. create general goals that can balance the input and output

D. take specific actions that can be turned into good habits

In China when caught, those corrupt(腐败的) officials are sometimes limited to _________ in a certain place, only __________ their problems within an appointed time(规定的时间).

A. living, to report B. living, reporting

C. live, reporting D. live, to report

—Dear me! It’s you, Bob! I ______ to recognize you at first sight!

—Nor did I! Time has changed us a lot!

A. fail B. failed

C. have failed D. had failed

Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.

Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.

The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.

Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here's where the trick lies in. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles —making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles—so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.

When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren't fooled—they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.

As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result, they're more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.

1.Why are younger children not fooled?_____________.

A. Because their brain can hardly notice related things together.

B. Because older people are influenced by their experience.

C. Because people's eyes become weaker as they grow older.

D. Because they are smarter than older children and adults.

2.Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate_____________.

A. children's and adults' eye-sight

B. people's ability to see accurately

C. children's and adults' brains

D. the influence of people's age

3.When asked to find the larger circle,_____________.

A. children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around

B. only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around

C. children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones around

D. adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around

4.According to the passage, we can know that_____________.

A. a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background

B. an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same size

C. a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size

D. a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size

Since the beginning of time never has there been another with my mind, my heart, my eyes, my ears, my hands, my mouth． None that came before, none that live today, and none that come tomorrow can walk and talk and move and think exactly like me． I’m a unique creature．

Vain attempts to imitate others no longer will I make． Instead will I place my uniqueness on display in the market place． I will begin now to highlight my differences; hide my similarities．

I am rare, and therefore I am valuable． I am the end product of thousands of years of evolution; therefore, I am better equipped in both mind and body than all the emperors and wise men before me．

But my skills, my mind, my heart, and my body will weaken, rot, and die for fear that I put them to good use． I have unlimited potential． Only a tiny part of my brain do I employ; only a small amount of my muscle do I apply．

So never again will I be satisfied with yesterday's accomplishments nor will I lose myself, anymore, in self-praise for deeds which in reality are too small to even acknowledge． I can accomplish far more than I have, and I will． I am not on this earth by chance． I am here for a purpose and that purpose is to grow into a mountain, not to shrink to a grain of sand． Henceforth(从今往后) will I apply all my efforts to become the highest mountain of all and I will strain my potential until it cries for mercy．

I will increase my knowledge of mankind, myself, and the goods I sell． I will practice, and improve, and polish the words I speak to multiply my sales, for this is the foundation on which I will build my career． Also will I seek constantly to improve my manners and graces, for they are the sugar to which all are attracteD．

I have been given eyes to see and a mind to think and now I know a great secret of life that all my problems, discouragements, and heartaches are, in truth, great opportunities in disguise． I am nature’s greatest miracle． And nature knows not defeat． Eventually, she achieves victory and so will I, and with each victory the next struggle becomes less difficult．

1.It can be inferred from the text that the author is most probably a(n) _________．

A． robot

B． soldier

C． salesman

D． athlete

2.Which of the following can best describe the author’s character?

A． Intelligent, calm and content．

B． Confident, modest and realistic．

C． Independent, cold and aggressive．

D． Ambitious, confident and optimistic．

3.According to the text, which of the following is fundamental to the author’s career building?

A． Knowledge of mankind．

B． Speaking skills．

C． Prediction of the market．

D． sense of victory．

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A． Nature’s greatest miracle

B． The power of being different

C． The great secret of life

D． Great opportunities in disguise

Shake Shack is a new kind of restaurant becoming more popular in the U．S．The restaurants are not“fast food”．They are known as“fast casual”．

Observers say Americans want more choices and fresh food when choosing where and what to eat．This trend is one reason why the fast food restaurant McDonald’s has struggled financially．In the last quarter of 2014，McDonald’s net income dropped by about $300 million．The January earnings report brought more bad news．Worldwide sales dropped for the eighth month in a row and even more than expecteD． Whi le McDonald’s is struggling to get their customers back，Shake．

Shack，is doing well in making money．The New York-based burger chain had a very successful IPO，or initial public offering，of shares at the end of January．On its first day of trading，Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $46 a share．Being part of the “fast casual ”trend has helped Shake Shack．Other fast casual restaurants in the U．S．include Chipotle and PanerA．

Bonnie Riggs，a restaurant expert with NPD has studied Americans’restaurant habits for almo st 30 years．She says one reason why Americans like fast casu al food is that it’s new．It’s creative，it’s something different and people like to try new things．Her study shows Americans made 61 billion visits to restaurants last year．Three out of four visits were to fast food restaurants，like McDonald’s．Fast casual is still a small percentage of restaurant visits，but it has developed fast．Just as Ms．Riggs says，“It’s growing by leaps and bounds，because they meet consumers’needs．They know it’s being prepared while they wait，it’s fresh，quality food，good tasting food at what they say are reasonable and affordable prices．”

Many Americans still like their fast fooD． They just are not going as often．They are finding other ways to have a meal．

1.What’s the trouble with McDonald’s？

A ．Its share goes down to $21．

B． Shake Shack has taken its place．

C． It’s not popular with Americans．

D． Its sales and income have droppeD．

2.We can learn from Bonnie Riggs that Americans ________．

A． don’t like fast food any more

B． care only about the quality

C． like to try something new

D． pay more restaurant visits to fast casual

3.What does the underlined phrase“by leaps and bounds”in ParA． 3 mean？

A． Steadily． B． Rapidly． C． Slowly． D． Normally．

4.Which of the following best describes fast casual？

A． Fresh-made and tasty．

B． High-quality and expensive．

C． Farm-to-table and traditional．

D． Time-consuming and special．

— Miss. Miller, this is Ruben Holmen calling again. You had said I should call this week to schedule an interview with you.

— ________, why don’t we say next Monday at 11:30 a.m.?

A. It depends B. All right then

C. How come D. With pleasure

He was unhappy when he sold his violin．After all，he________it for a very long time．

A． has had B． had had

C． has D． had

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