A sore throat and fever were the s of serious flu. 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest.

In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help to protect us from suffering the common cold and other illnesses.

Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective — as in happiness improving immune function — and subjective — as in happy people being less troubled by a sore throat or runny nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,” explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.”

Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional style itself had the effect.

For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality characteristics, self-felt health and emotional style. Those who had a tendency to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and aggressive had a negative style.

The researchers gave them nasal (鼻腔的) drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains or sneezing they had, while the researchers collected objective data. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal troubles, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.

Which is the best title for the passage? ______

A. Stay Away from Being Negative

B. Positive or Negative？It’s Up to You.

C. Emotional Style and Flu.

D. Optimistic People Likely to Keep Diseases Away.

According to Dr Cohen’s research, the reason why some people are unlikely to catch a cold may be that ______.

A. their cheerful mood benefits the immune system

B. they have developed a certain way against flu virus

C. they are less likely to have a sore throat and runny nose

D. they have got a stronger self-confidence in their health

The research is done by ______.

A. getting volunteers in one emotional group and analyzing them

B. conducting a medical experiment on volunteers of different emotional styles

C. collecting and analyzing volunteers’ objective nasal production data

D. having volunteers answer questions on personality, health and emotions

Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu(流感), and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.
The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses - flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness , but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine, which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities , there are some obvious signs to look for.
Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.
The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.
Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome(综合症) ，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.
There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.
　
【小题1】 According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help ________.

A．shorten the duration of the illness

B．the patient buy medicine over the counter

C．the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs

D．prevent people from catching colds and the flu

【小题2】 We learn from the passage that ___________.

A．one doesn’t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu

B．aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu

C．delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system

D．over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu

【小题3】 According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, ___________.

A．one should identify the virus which causes it

B．one should consult a doctor as soon as possible

C．one should take medicine upon catching the disease

D．one should remain alert when the disease is spreading

【小题4】Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?

A．A stuffy nose.	B．A high temperature.
C．A sore throat.	D．A dry cough.

【小题5】 If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents _______________.

A．are advised not to give them aspirin

B．should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome

C．are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination

D．should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever

The most common disease in the world is the cold. It often starts with a sore throat（咽部疼痛）. You sneeze (打喷嚏) and your nose runs. You usually have a headache, too. Often you have a cough later. It's not a serious disease, but you can feel quite bad.

There isn't a cure (良药 ) for a cold, but you can take medicines to make you feel better. For example, you can take aspirin (阿司匹林) to get rid of your headache. It is good to rest, and to drink a lot of water, too. A doctor once told me, "With the right medicine, a cold will last for seven days. With no medicine, it will go on for a whole week!"

Where does our medicine come from? A long time ago, people understood that some plants made them feel better. They ate the leaves, the roots , the fruit or the seeds of plants. For example, the juice of lemons (柠檬) makes a sore throat feel better. In modern times, scientists have looked at these plants, and found out which chemicals (化学药品) are in them. Many of our medicines today are made from those chemicals. There are some diseases that we can't cure yet. And nobody has found a cure for old age. But because of modern medicines, the average (平均的) person now lives longer than their grandparents.

1. A cold often starts with________________.

A. a headache B. a cough C. a pain in your throat D. feeling a little cold

2. What should we do when we catch a cold?

A. We only take some medicine.

B. We should rest well, drink much water and have some medicine.

C. We just wait for a whole week.

D. We only need a good rest.

3. What makes a sore throat feel better?

A. The medicine aspirin. B. A lot of water.

C. Something inside lemons. D. The root of a plant.

4. What is the real meaning of the doctor's words?

A. There is almost no medicine that can cure the cold.

B. There is some medicine that can cure the cold.

C. You will feel well after a week when you take some medicine.

D. The cold is a serious disease.

New York: Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defence against getting ill, new study findings suggest.

In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help protect us from the common cold and other illnesses.

Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective----as in happiness improving immune, function----and subjective----as in happy people being less troubled by a sore throat or funny nose. "People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe."

Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.

For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style." Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.

The researchers gave them nasal(鼻的) drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.

1.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Stay Away From Being Negative

B. Positive or Negative, It’s Up To You

C. An Effective Medicine For Being Fit

D. Warm People Likely To Keep Cold Away

2.According to Dr Cohen’s research, the reason why some people are unlikely to catch a cold is that ___________________.

A. their cheerful mood benefits the immune system

B. they have developed a certain gene against flu virus

C. they are less likely to have s sore throat and funny nose

D. they have got a stronger self-confidence in their health

3.The underlined word “disposition” (paragraph 2) probably means ________.

A. character B. day C. future D. occupation

4.The passage is probably written for ___________________.

A. medical students B. lead authors C. the public D. the volunteers

Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest.

In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help to protect us from suffering the common cold and other illnesses.

Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective — as in happiness improving immune function — and subjective — as in happy people being less troubled by a sore throat or runny nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,” explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.”

Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional style itself had the effect.

For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality characteristics, self-felt health and emotional style. Those who had a tendency to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and aggressive had a negative style.

The researchers gave them nasal (鼻腔的) drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains or sneezing they had, while the researchers collected objective data. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal troubles, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.

1.Which is the best title for the passage? ______

A. Stay Away from Being Negative

B. Positive or Negative？It’s Up to You.

C. Emotional Style and Flu.

D. Optimistic People Likely to Keep Diseases Away.

2. According to Dr Cohen’s research, the reason why some people are unlikely to catch a cold may be that ______.

A. their cheerful mood benefits the immune system

B. they have developed a certain way against flu virus

C. they are less likely to have a sore throat and runny nose

D. they have got a stronger self-confidence in their health

3. The research is done by ______.

A. getting volunteers in one emotional group and analyzing them

B. conducting a medical experiment on volunteers of different emotional styles

C. collecting and analyzing volunteers’ objective nasal production data

D. having volunteers answer questions on personality, health and emotions

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