题目内容
[1] Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior. One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.
[2] They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game, which is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher. The most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, . The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment.
[3] The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children were ages two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were ages five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs — or intelligence quotients — of the younger children who were not spanked (打屁股) were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.
[4] Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development is. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.
1. What is the best title of the passage? (no more than 10 words)
2.Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Compared to the children's IQs whose parents use physical punishment, the result of those whose parents don't is 5 points higher.
3.Fill in the blank in paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
4. List three facts that lead to the most successful behavior in paragraph 2. (no more than 8 words)
5.Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 into Chinese.
1.Punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.
2.The study says the IQs -- or intelligence quotients -- of the younger children who were not spanked(打屁股) were five points higher than those who were.
3.The lower its earnings are
4.Cooperation; most reward; least punishment
5.两个小组都包括父母使用体罚手段的孩子和父母不使用体罚手段的孩子.
【解析】略
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Charlie works in a post office. His father lost his job five years ago and his mother is often ill. And he has two brothers and a sister. He works hard and tries his best to buy enough food for his family.
Last month his family had to move to an old house outside the city. It's farther from the post office and he has to get up early in the morning in order to catch the 6:30 train. The head of his office is strict and everybody has to get there on time. He knows what it'll mean if he's late. A friend of his had pity on(同情) him and lent his old car to him. The young man was happy and from then on he could go to work by car.
Last Saturday Charlie went to buy some medicine for his mother. Bad luck! When he came out of the shop, he couldn't find the car. He was quite worried and began to look for it in front of the shop but he didn't find it. Suddenly he saw a woman parked a car there and hurried into the shop. Charlie saw the car wasn't locked. He got on it and drove it at once. He was afraid the loser would run after him and drove fast. A truck hit it at a crossing and he lost consciousness.(知觉)
This morning the young man came back to life and saw there were a few policemen standing by his bed. He asked, "Where am I?"
"In Room 103."
"In hospital or in prison ?"
1.There’re ________ people in Charlie's family.
A.four |
B.five |
C.six |
D.seven |
2.Charlie’s family moved to the old house outside the city because _______.
A.it's very quiet there |
B.they hoped to save some money |
C.he could get to his office by train |
D.his father had found a job there |
3.Charlie has to get to his office on time because ___________.
A.the head is strict with them |
B.he wishes to be praised |
C.he's usually on duty |
D.he's afraid to be fired |
4.For did Charlie buy any medicine last Saturday?
A.himself |
B.his father |
C.his sister. |
D.his mother |
5.Charlie was afraid ________, so he drove fast.
A.to be late |
B.to meet the red lights |
C.to be caught by the loser |
D.to miss the 6:30 train |