题目内容

Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.

　　One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to train its obedience. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.

Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate（从属的）role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to

pleasantly accept that you are in charge.

　　Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.

51. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _______.

A. be just part of their nature

　 B. worsen in modern society

　 C. occur when they go wild

　 D. present a threat to the community

52. The primary purpose of obedience training is to _______.

　 A. teach the dog to perform clever tricks

　 B. make the dog aware of its owner’s authority

　 C. provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior

　 D. enable the dog to regain its normal behavior

53. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______.

　 A. essential to solving the dog’s behavior problems

　 B. the foundation for dogs to perform tasks

　 C. a good way to teach the dog new tricks

　 D. an extreme measure in obedience training

54. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?

　 A. To avoid being punished.

　 B. To show their affection for their masters.

　 C. To win leadership of the dog pack.

　 D. To show their willingness to obey.

55. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _______.

　 A. can give the dog more rewards

　 B. will enjoy a better family life

　 C. can give the dog more freedom

　 D. will have more confidence in himself

【小题1】A

【小题2】C

【小题3】B

【小题4】D

【小题5】C

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请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。以下是演讲会的资料：

A

   Are you interested in “Dream of the Red Mansion”(Hong Lou Meng)? Listen to a lecture on this classical novel.

Venue: National Museum of Chinese Modern Literature (Beijing)

Time: 9:30 A.m.

Price: free

Tel: 010 – 84615522         B

  “Jiaguwen” is among the oldest pictographic characters in the world．How much do you know about it? Get all the answers at this free lecture.

Venue: Dongcheng District Library (Beijing)

Time: 9:00 a.m.

Price: free

Tel: 010 – 64013356

C

   Former United Nations interpreter Professor Wang Ruojin speaks about her experiences at the UN and shares her understanding of the cultural differences between East and West.

Venue: National Library of China (Beijing)

Time: 1:30 p.m. — 4:00 p. m.

Price: free

Tel: 010 – 68488047         D

   Qi Baishi, one of China’s greatest modern painters, was also a poet, calligrapher(书法家) and seal-cutter(刻印者). Can you appreciate his works? Then come to spend the time with us.

Venue: Beijing Art Academy

Time: 9:00 A．m. – 11:00 A．m.

Price: 10 Yuan

Tel: 010 - 65023390

E

   It is the year of the Dog, and you can see “Fu” everywhere. But how much do you know about dogs–man’s best friend? What is “Fu” and where does it come from? Why do people hang “Fu” character upside down on the door? Get all the answers from this free lecture.

Venue: Capital Library (Beijing)

Time: 2:00 p. m.

Price: free

Tel: 010 - 67358114 F

   About 160 cultural relics from Guangdong, Macao and Hong Kong are on display to April 15th. Meanwhile experts will talk about the important roles these three cities have played in the past two thousand years of Sino–Western exchanges.

Venue: Beijing Art Museum

Time: 2:00 p. m. – 5:00 p. m.

Price: 20 Yuan, students 10 Yuan

Tel: 010 - 83659337

以下是想去听演讲的人员的基本信息，请匹配适合他们的演讲内容。

1.Alice is now studying in Beijing University, and she is especially interested in Chinese writing. In her spare time she enjoys drawing, writing poems and is fond of sharing her pieces with her classmates.

2.Simon comes from Egypt. He is now studying in Beijing Art Academy. He shows great interest in Chinese ancient characters. Now he wants to know much about it.

3.Lora and Peter, visiting professors from Australia, are both crazy about Chinese traditional culture. At weekends they like to call on Chinese families to learn about Chinese festivals as well as their history.

4.Edward is a senior student in Beijing Foreign Language University. He likes traveling very much and has made up his mind to work as an interpreter for some joint–venture enterprises (合资企业).

5.Steve and Mark are both studying in the Chinese Department of China’s Renmin University. They want to do some research on Chinese ancient literature.

 

A butcher watching over his shop was really surprised when he saw a dog coming inside the shop. He went over to the dog and noticed it had a note in its mouth. He took the note and it read “Can I have 12 sausages and a leg of lamb, please. The dog has money in his mouth, as well.”

The butcher looked carefully and was surprised to find that there was really a ten-dollar note there. So he took the money and put the sausages and lamb in a bag, placing it in the dog’s mouth. The butcher was so impressed, and since it was about closing time, he decided to shut up shop and follow the dog.

So off he went. He followed the dog to a bus stop. The dog stopped and started looking at the timetable. The dog checked out the time, and then sat on one of the seats provided. Along came a bus. The dog walked around to the front, looked at the number, and went back to its seat. Another bus came. Again the dog went around to the front, looked at the number and climbed on. The butcher, by now, open-mouthed, followed it onto the bus.

The bus traveled through the town and out into the suburbs. Eventually the dog got up, and moved to the front of the bus. It stood on two back paws and pushed the button to stop the bus. Then it got off with groceries still in its mouth.

Well, the dog and the butcher were walking along the road, and then the dog turned into a house. It walked up the path, and dropped the groceries on the step. Then it walked back down the path, took a big run, and threw itself against the door. Then again, it threw himself against it. There’s no answer at the house. so the dog waited at the door.

The butcher watched as a big guy opened the door, and started shouting at it. The butcher ran up, and stopped the guy. “Why do you shout at the dog? It is really a genius.” The guy responded, “You call this clever? This is the second time this week that this stupid dog’s forgotten its key.”

1.Which may be the best title of the passage?

A. A clever dog.                                     B. A curious butcher.

C. A cruel owner.                                   D. A second lost key.

2.Why was the butcher surprised when he saw the dog?

A. Because there was a note in the dog’s mouth.

B. Because a dog was not supposed to come into his shop alone.

C. Because the dog was not afraid of being butchered.

D. Because the dog could read.

3.The passage implies that _________.

A. dogs are cleverer than man

B. dogs are our best friend

C. the butcher is a cruel person

D. some people are never satisfied with what they have got

4.The dog threw itself against the door, because _________.

A. it wanted to force the door open 

B. it wanted its owner to open the door

C. it wanted to punish itself for forgetting the key     

D. it wanted to get the butcher’s help

5.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The butcher was curious so he followed the dog.

B. The dog didn’t get on the first bus because it was the wrong number.

C. To get off the bus, you should let the driver know by pressing the button.

D. The dog would be driven away by the big guy.

 

Researchers at Sweden’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology say they have found further proof that the wolf ancestors of today’s dogs can be from southern East Asia -- findings that are contrary to theories placing the birth place in the Middle East. Dr Peter Savolainen, KTH researcher in evolutionary genetics, says a new study released Nov. 23 confirms that an Asian region south of the Yangtze River was the principal and probably the only region where wolves were domesticated（驯化）by humans.

Research data show clearly that dogs are descended from wolves, but there’s never been scientific agreement on where in the world the domestication process began. “Our analysis of Y-chromosomal（染色体）DNA now confirms that wolves were first domesticated in Asia south of Yangtze River -- we call it the ASY region -- in southern China or Southeast Asia,” Savolainen says.

The Y data supports previous evidence from mitochondrial（线粒体）DNA. “Taken together, the two studies provide very strong evidence that dogs appeared first in the ASY region,” Savolainen says.

Archaeological data and a genetic study recently published in Nature suggest that dogs originate from the Middle East. But Savolainen rejects that view. “Because none of these studies included samples from the ASY region, evidence from ASY has been overlooked,” he says.

Peter Savolainen and PhD student Mattias Oskarsson worked with Chinese colleagues to analyse DNA from male dogs around the world. Their study was published in the scientific journal Heredity.

Approximately half of the gene pool was universally shared everywhere in the world, while only the ASY region had the entire range of genetic diversity. “This shows that gene pools in all other regions of the world most probably originate from the ASY region,” Savolainen says.

“Our results confirm that Asia south of the Yangtze River was the most important -- and probably the only -- region for wolf domestication, and that a large number of wolves were domesticated,” says Savolainen.

In separate research published recently in Ecology and Evolution, Savolainen, PhD student Arman Ardalan and Iranian and Turkish scientists conducted a comprehensive study of mitochondrial DNA, with a particular focus on the Middle East. Because mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother in most species, it is especially useful in studying evolutionary relationships.

“Since other studies have indicated that wolves were domesticated in the Middle East, we wanted to be sure nothing had been missed. We find no signs whatsoever that dogs originated there,” says Savolainen.

In their studies, the researchers also found minor genetic contributions from crossbreeding between dogs and wolves in other geographic regions, including the Middle East.

“This subsequent dog/wolf hybridisation（混合淡化技术）contributed only modestly to the dog gene pool,” Savolainen explains.

1.What does Dr. Peter Savolainen believe?

A. Dogs’ ancestors came from the Middle East.

B. Wolves were probably first trained to work for humans in the ASY region.

C. Analysis of Y-chromosomal DNA should be combined with mitochondrial DNA.

D. Samples of the previous studies are enough to support the conclusion.

2.We can learn from the passage that _______.

A．there is a universal agreement on the place of first domestication

B．data from ASY may highlight where dogs came from

C．Dr. Savolainen’s research mainly focuses on the Middle East

D．the dog/wolf hybridization makes up most of the dog gene pool

3.What is special about mitochondrial DNA?

A．It is only used in studying evolutionary relationships.

B．It alone can provide hard evidence for Savolainen’s research.

C．It is the most useful in finding out the birth place of dogs.

D．It comes from the mother of most animals and plants.

 

Do dogs understand us?

Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.

A border collie博德牧羊犬 named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).

In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.

In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.

The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by the process of elimination(排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.          

Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品种)known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.

It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't talk back. Still, it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!

1.From paragraph 2 we know that ____________..

A．animals are as clever as human beings

B．dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzees

C．chimpanzees have very good word-learning skills

D．dogs have similar 'learning abilities as 3-year-old children

2.Both experiments show that             .

A．Rico is smart enough to get all commands right

B．Rico can recognize different things including toys

C．Rico has developed the ability of learning mathematics

D．Rico won't forget the names of objects once recognizing them

3.Which of the following statements is true?

A．The purpose of the experiments is to show the border collie's mental abilities.

B．Rico has a better memory partly because of its proper early training.

C．The border collie is world-famous for recognizing objects.

D．Rico is born to understand its owner's commands.

4.What does the writer want to tell us?

A．To train your dog.

B．To talk with your dog.

C．To be friendly to your dog.

D．To be careful with your dog.

 

信息匹配（共5小题，满分10分）

请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

以下是演讲会的资料：

A

Are you interested in “Dream of the Red Mansion” (Hong Lou Meng)? Listen to a lecture on this classical novel.

Venue: National Museum of Chinese Modern Literature (Beijing)

Time: 9:30 a.m.

Price: free

Tel: 010 – 84615522

B

“Jiaguwen” is among the oldest pictographic characters in the world．How much do you know about it? Get all the answers at this free lecture.

Venue: Dongcheng District Library (Beijing)

Time: 9:00 a.m.

Price: free

Tel: 010 – 64013356

C

Former United Nations interpreter Professor Wang Ruojin speaks about her experiences at the UN and shares her understanding of the cultural differences between East and West.

Venue: National Library of China (Beijing)

Time: 1:30 p.m. – 4:00 p. m.

Price: free

Tel: 010 – 68488047

D

Qi Baishi, one of China’s greatest modern painters, was also a poet, calligrapher(书法家) and seal-cutter(刻印者). Can you appreciate his works? Then come to spend the time with us.

Venue: Beijing Art Academy

Time: 9:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m.

Price: 10 yuan

Tel: 010 - 65023390

E

It is the year of the Dog, and you can see “Fu” everywhere. But how much do you know about dogs – man’s best friend? What is “Fu” and where does it come from? Why do people hang “Fu” character upside down on the door? Get all the answers from this free lecture.

Venue: Capital Library (Beijing)

Time: 2:00 p. m.

Price: free

Tel: 010 - 67358114

F

About 160 cultural relics from Guangdong, Macao and Hong Kong are on display to April 15th. Meanwhile experts will talk about the important roles these three cities have played in the past two thousand years of Sino–Western exchanges.

Venue: Beijing Art Museum

Time: 2:00 p. m. – 5:00 p. m.

Price: 20 yuan, students 10 yuan

Tel: 010 - 83659337

 

以下是想去听演讲的人员的基本信息，请匹配适合他们的演讲内容。

71. Alice is now studying in Beijing University, and she is especially interested in Chinese writing. In her spare time she enjoys drawing, writing poems and is fond of sharing her pieces with her classmates.

72. Simon comes from Egypt. He is now studying in Beijing Art Academy. He shows great interest in Chinese ancient characters. Now he wants to know much about it.

73. Lora and Peter, visiting professors from Australia, are both crazy about Chinese traditional culture. At weekends they like to call on Chinese families to learn about Chinese festivals as well as their history.

74. Edward is a senior student in Beijing Foreign Language University. He likes traveling very much and has made up his mind to work as an interpreter for some joint–venture enterprises (合资企业).

75. Steve and Mark are both studying in the Chinese Department of China’s Renmin University. They want to do some research on Chinese ancient literature.

 

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