题目内容

七、短文填词。根据短文大意,填入恰当的单词。(20分,每空2分)

    Many useful machines were __77__ by inventors. These machines have __78__

the world a lot. There are many great inventors in the world, and Watt was one of them.

 Watt was English. When he was a child, he liked to ask questions and he was always __79__hard. One day, he was sitting in the kitchen with his grandmother, he __80__ a kettle(水壶) on the stove(火炉). Soon steam(蒸汽) began to come __81__ the kettle and the lid(盖子) was shaking. Watt asked what was in the kettle. His grandmother said, “Water, my child.”“But I know there’s __82_ in it. It pushes the lid up.” said Watt. His grandmother told him that it was only steam. He asked his grandmother,“__83__ does the steam come up under the lid?”His grandmother said that it came from hot water. Watt said to __84__ ,“The steam will be much strong. It can push things. The steam will be much __85__ if there’s more water.”Later, Watt tried hard and made steam __86__ for people. He invented the first engine.

77、       78、          79、       80、      81、       

82、       83、          84、       85、      86、      

77、invented/made   78、changed /helped   79、studying/working     80、saw    81、outside

82、something   83、How/Where     84、himself             85、more/stronger    86、work

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People have long debated the essence(本质)of human nature.Some people think humans are born good.In San Zi Jing(Three Chara~er Classic),a Chinese children’s educational book from the13th century, we read:“Men at birth are naturally good.Their natures are similar, their habits become different.’’

Yet some philosophers disagree with this.They think men are born selfish and vicious(恶的).For example,Thomas Hobbes,the 1 7th century English philosopher argued that men are born self-interested and with a liking for war.

Over the centuries,different philosophers have argued their cases.Now the results of a new study,which contrasts the behavior of very young children and young chimpanzees(黑猩猩)suggests that human beings are born sociable and helpful to others,according to a New York Times report.

“Of course every animal must to some extent be selfish to survive.But the biologists also see

in humans a natural willingness to help.”The New York Times science reporter Nicholas Wade writes.

Wade quotes a book published in October by American psychologist Michael Tomasello.

Tomasello writes:“When infants(婴儿)18 months old see an unrelated adult whose hands are full and who needs help opening a door or picking up a dropped clothespin,they will immediately help.The helping behavior seems to be innate because it appears so early and before many parents start teaching children the rules of polite behavior.’’

Tomasello finds that this behavior is not the result of an incentive(动机)of a reward,suggesting training does not influence it.And it seems to happen across cultures,with their different timetables for teaching social rules.For these reasons,Tomamsello concluded that helping is natural,not something taught by parents or culture.

And it seems that infants cannot only help in practical ways,it can also help with information,Tomasello writes.From the age of 1 2 months they will point at objects thin all adult pretends to have lost.Chimpanzees,by contrast,never point at things for each other, and when they point for people.it seems to be as a command to go fetch something rather than to share information.

49.What is the article mainly about?

      A.The behavior of young children.

      B.Former philosophies about human nature.

      C.The difference between babies and baby chimpanzees.

      D.A new study of human nature.

50.According to Michael Tomasello, human beings are born           .

       A.similar to chimpanzees in nature        B.selfish and Vicious

       C.sociable and helpful       D.with a liking for war

51.Of all the following,      has a negative attitude towards human nature.

      A.Three Character           B.Thomas Hobbes

      C.Nicholas Wade    D.Michael Tomasello

52.According to the study,it's safe to say that          .

       A.human beings are not selfish

       B.children like to help others when they get a reward

       C.different countries teach social rules at different times

       D.children tend to be helpful if they are taught early

C

The word “death” is a word many Chinese friends tell me I should not say aloud. They advise me to avoid the word because only speaking of it may bring ill fortune. I deeply believe, however, that to know how to live, we must also know how to die. The problem is how do we talk about death?      

    Like everyone in Taiwan this week, I have had “Tomb Sweeping Day”. I am proud to be part of a people whose culture sends millions of families to cemeteries on this special day to share memories and endless love.

    Today, eight days after the death of Pope John Paul II, millions of people of all backgrounds still grieve(悲痛) his passing away. He was a deeply human person who knew how to laugh and show emotions, a writer with a gift for words ,a leader who appealed to us by the sheer light of his love for life.

    On the same day and only hours before the Holy Father left us, a friend of mine named Veronica McBride died of cancer in a small Wisconsin city. My friend Veronica was 52 years old. She was an attractive, humorous young woman who, as the saying goes, “never married”. She published several humor books with her mother, Mary McBride. She enjoyed traveling, and for years sent Christmas card photos of herself standing beside monuments or odd animals. She fought cancer for five years. She joked about her treatment keeping her pretty because it kept her thin, and told me she didn’t mind losing her hair because of chemo therapy. “I get to wear nice wigs!(假发)”

    The last time I saw Veronica was when I visited her family on a sunny day in August in 2003. When she burst into the front door later and saw me in the living room, she ignored me completely in her hurry to hug her newest baby nephew, leaving me shaking my head in laughter at her.

    As we look to the significance of the Holy Father and his life, surely we must also keep our eyes open to see the wonder and goodness in ordinary people who show us how to live and how to die.

64. The purpose of the article is ___________.

   A. to memorize his friend Veronica

   B. to talk about the significance of life and death

   C. to teach us how to face life and death

   D. to compare his friend and the Holy Father Pope John Paul II

65. The underlined phrase “chemo therapy” in Paragraph 4 probably means __________.

   A. a medical treatment              B. a kind of cancer

   C. a kind of medicine               D. the newest machine

66. Why does the writer compare the Holly Father with his friend?

   A. Because they are both the persons he admires.

   B. Because they have a lot in common.

   C. Because he wants to show that ordinary people can be great as well.

   D. Because he wants to memorize them both.

67. From the phrase “burst into”, we can see that Veronica is ____________.

 A. brave       B. sportive        C. humorous        D. energetic

Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’ Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’ He is said to be “undersized.’’ with“short legs’’ and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description — it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts:Other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose — and that is the point.

It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812, Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry:Doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’

Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s … face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently ….” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?’’ said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.

Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.

51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is ____   _______   ____.

A. far from the historical facts                   B. based on the Russian history

C. based on his selection of facts                 D. not related to historical details

52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _________.

A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms

B. the Tsar's peace terms were hard to accept

C. the Russians stopped his military movement

D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with

53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?

A. To walk out of the room in anger.           B. To show agreement with him.

C. To say something about the Tsar.             D. To express his admiration.

54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _____   ______   ____.

A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests

B. fond of showing off his iron will

C. determined in destroying all of Europe   

D. crazy for power and respect

55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.

B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.

C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.

D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.

  Computers are helpful because they offer a wide range of functions and services that are not available anywhere else. There are four main uses: word processing, Internet/ communications, digital video/ audio composition, and desktop publishing.

The word processing capabilities of computers are amazing. They can automatically correct your spelling and grammar mistakes. The cutting and pasting features are incredibly simple and very useful for revision. Having a digital backup is an added benefit. All of these things help writers get the job done. With desktop publishing, you can create page layouts(页面布局)for entire books on your home computer.

The Internet is one of the greatest inventions created by humans. It is a huge network of computers, each with the ability to contact any of the others. Vast amounts of information can be found on the Internet. It is the ultimate form of media, a combination of newspaper, radio and television. Using the Internet, any two people anywhere can communicate for free, whether it is by text or voice. New uses are being found for the Internet every day.

Audio/ video editing and composition have been made much easier by computers. Cutting and pasting no longer involve using scissors and tape on large reels of film. It no longer costs thousands of dollars of equipment to make a film or to compose music. Now musicians can compose their own songs and publish them without having to obtain a record contract. Film-makers can produce work from their own homes. Anybody who owns a computer can now enter the field of media production.

Internet/ communications, digital video and audio composition, and desktop publishing are features only offered on computers. With the aid of computers, humankind is entering a new era of civilization.

64 This passage is mainly talking about ______.

A. amazing word processing capabilities      B. the new era of civilization

C. the ultimate form of media      D. main uses of computers

65. According to the passage, which of the following uses have the features of easy cutting and pasting?

A. Internet/ communications and audio/ video composition

B. Word processing and desktop publishing.

C. Audio/ video editing and composition.

D. Audio/ video editing and word processing.

66. As used in the third paragraph, the word “ultimate” is closest in meaning to “______”.

A. original     B. best      C. basic      D. extreme

67. In which of the following patterns of organization is this passage  w ritten?

A. Introduction, listing of main features, conclusion.

B. Effect, analysis of causes, conclusion.

C. Topic, listing of examples, restatement of the topic.

D. Argument, contrasting opinions, author’s attitude.

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