Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation that threatens the survival of companies everywhere. It’s based on the assumption that old ideas will always work, so they shouldn't be challenged 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation (创新) that threatens the survival of companies everywhere. It’s based on the assumption that old ideas will always work, so they shouldn't be challenged. While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don't change, it’s unlikely to hold true in a changing situation. In today’s rapid changing global environment, old methods often don’t work, and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems.

Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security. If everyone else believes it, then it must be true. Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right, and being right is good. They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work. In 1977, Ken Olsen, co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), stated “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home.” Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry, DEC no longer exists. People seem to forget that since innovation is a change, there can be no innovation without change. Unfortunately, conventional wisdom prevents leaders, followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating. If companies don’t innovate, but their competitors do, the future is likely to be problematic. Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries, so it has a powerful effect on business success.

Ted Turner (founder of CNN) knew little, if anything, about the news business, but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour, as was common before CNN. Turner's solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24 hours a day. The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time, and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day. However, it doesn’t take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers don’t have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work. Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information. Due to conventional thinking, the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted. They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future.

Conventional wisdom prevents creativity, flexibility and risk-taking, so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it. To survive, thrive and maintain competitive advantage, companies must be flexible when reacting to change.

1.The author's attitude to conventional wisdom is .

A. disapproving B. approving

C. supportive D. indifferent

2.DEC has disappeared probably because .

A. the consumers didn’t like its products

B. the CEO stuck to the conventional ideas

C. the leaders lacked the sense of security.

D. the employees took many risks with changes

3.The founding of CNN is used as an example to prove .

A. missing opportunities could lead to failure

B. changing could contribute to business success

C. watching news at the dinner hour is convenient

D. conventional wisdom influences business success

4.What does the underlined part probably mean in Paragraph 3?

A. Rocket scientists can ensure the CNN works properly.

B. Most of the viewers don’t like to watch the news at work.

C. It’s necessary to understand when people watch the news.

D. It’s easy to know people needn't watch the news all the time.

5.The passage is mainly written to tell us that .

A. old methods are changing with time

B. opportunities lead to business success

C. conventional wisdom limits innovation

D. successful companies need wise leaders

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Ever since the invention of the printing press over 500 years ago, mass communication has been growing and affecting the way communities and people behave. Where once the written word was used by those with power to keep control of populations, now everyone believes that they have power over governments because of the huge amount of knowledge available to them thanks to electronic communication. At every stage of the development of communication, from the telegraph through to the Internet, societies have had to adapt to its effects. But have the effects been more positive or negative?

The saying “knowledge is power” has been an excellent motivator for people to improve their lives, but today the massive amount of information available through the Internet doesn’t always seem to be helping people in the way we’d hoped. Rather than improving people’s lives and bringing us closer together, the information age is making us more divided and irresponsible.

Nevertheless, many people find comfort in their virtual (虚拟的) worlds and are happy to connect with real-life friends and online friends from the familiar surroundings of their living rooms. However, being able to reinvent themselves online and be whoever they want to be leads to the question of whether they are losing their identities by living in a virtual world.

It’s not all bad news, however. Mass communication has helped change some attitudes for the better. Take our views on the environment for example. Internet campaigns by governments and other organizations have helped popularize the ideas of recycling, protecting wildlife and reducing pollution.

Modern electronic communication now influences every aspect of our lives — it is a powerful tool that has raised some concerns for society. However, it has also brought countless benefits to society. At the end of the day, it can be used both for good or evil and ultimately relies on the morals and sense of responsibility of the individual or community involved. In short, it needs to be used with care.

1.What does the writer imply about life before the printing press?

A. Population levels were lower.

B. The general public had little power.

C. People wanted to have more control over their lives.

D. Countries were governed by poorly educated people.

2.The writer states that the saying “knowledge is power” has ________.

A. encouraged people to get an education

B. sometimes failed to have the expected results

C. motivated people to access as much information as possible

D. been the driving force behind the development of mass media

3.What does the writer think about socialising online?

A. It can be comforting for some people.

B. Virtual lives can stop people enjoying a real life.

C. People have too many friends online to be of any value.

D. Crime is a problem for people on social networking sites.

4.Which statement best summarises the writer’s overall view of electronic communication?

A. It should be used wisely.

B. It changes attitudes much too quickly.

C. It is more powerful than many people believe.

D. It should be better controlled by the government.

假如你是李华，约好陪你校外教Mrs. Wilson到中国最美十大海岛之一嵛山岛(Yushan Island)游玩，因故不能践约，另安排李明同学陪同。请你给她写封邮件，表示歉意并说明理由。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

Dear Mrs. Wilson,

I’m Li Hua.______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman.

A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his aim is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock (有现货的), the business of trying it on follows at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.

For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else. No good salesman brings out a substitute impolitely; he does so with skill: “I know this jacket is not the style you want, Sir, but would you like to try it on for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.”

Now how does a woman buy clothes? In almost every aspect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round”. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she is influenced by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. What she wants is to find something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend hours going from one shop to another, to and fro. It is a tiring process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.

1.The underlined sentence “the price is a secondary consideration” in the second paragraph means when a man is shopping .

A. he buys things without considering its price

B. he buys whatever he likes without considering its value

C. he buys things of good quality even if they are very dear

D. he cares about whether the thing is what he needs first and then the price

2.What does a man do when he can not get exactly what he wants?

A. He usually does not buy anything.

B. So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.

C. He buys a similar thing because of the color he wants.

D. At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.

3.What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes?

A. Women rarely consider buying cheap clothes.

B. They welcome suggestions from almost anyone.

C. They try to buy clothes for more than its real value.

D. Women buy things without giving the matter proper thought.

4.What is the main difference between men and women shoppers?

A. Women buy more clothes than men.

B. Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.

C. Men go shopping based on need, but women often not.

D. Men do not try clothes on in a shop while women do.

Many people rush into the commitment of bringing home a four-legged family member,only to find out that they are not ready for a pet.This often results in the dog being turned over to a shelter where it may not find another home.This can be avoided if potential pet owners take the time to figure out if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership.

Being a responsible pet owner involves a financial commitment that goes beyond buying dog food.There are also parasite（寄生虫）prevention,boarding costs while traveling and the cost to care for the pet should it become ill or injured.That is not to say that one must be rich in order to have a dog,but it is important to be prepared for the expenses that come with being a pet owner.

Another consideration is the time commitment.An owner away from home for 14 hours every day is not an ideal situation for a dog.A potential dog owner must also consider the time it takes to care for his or her pet,the time it takes to feed,walk,play with,bathe and clean up.Also,dogs require attention.Be prepared to spend time each day petting and playing with it.

Dogs are dogs,and will act like dogs.This includes barking,digging,having accidents in the house and,possibly, destroying some of the owner's prized possessions,such as furniture,shoes and cell phones.If the above would cause an owner to want to get rid of the dog,then he or she is not yet ready to be a pet owner.Many wonderful pets end up in shelters simply because they acted like dogs!

1.Who might be qualified to be a dog owner according to the text?

A. Kari,a teacher who works eight hours a day.

B. Jim,who has a daughter sensitive to dog's smell.

C. Dick,a jobless teenager who can hardly pay his rent.

D. Steven,a business man who travels a lot on business.

2.To be a responsible dog owner you need to do all the following EXCEPT .

A. buying dog food and feeding it

B. taking it to hospital when necessary

C. spending time each day playing with it

D. finding a shelter for it when you are bored with it

3.What does the underlined part in the first paragraph probably mean?

A. Rush to adopt a dog formally.

B. Commit to buy a dog and take it home.

C. Run into a pet shelter and take one home so quickly.

D. Decide to be a pet owner without thinking about it carefully.

4.What might be the best title for the text?

A. Dogs Are Dogs B. Ready for a Pet?

C. Have Time for a Dog? D. Pets Are Family Members

more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Interact games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.

A. If I devoted B. Had I devoted

C. Would I be devoted D. Should I be devoted

一 How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016?

一 I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was than I expected.

A. even much interesting B. far more interesting

C. so far interesting D. far from interesting

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（╲）划掉。

修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

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It is at the party ________ there is no doubt ______ we’ll meet Tom.[

A. that; that B. where; whether

C. that; whether D. where; that

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