题目内容

13."Business is war."The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way:winning the competition,getting market share,beating up suppliers,locking up customers.There are the victors and the losers.
But today in doing business,you have to listen to shareholders,work with suppliers,keep good relations-even with competitors.That doesn't sound like war.Besides,there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.
Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed.Business is competition and cooperation as well.In other words,business is war and peace.
To bring together competition and cooperation,we turn to game theory.Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do.It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation from other decisions.
Game theory breaks down the game into key elements:players,added values,rules,tactics(计谋),and scope (PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game.This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into an entirely new one.Change one of the PARTS,and you change the whole.
Why change the game?An old Chinese saying explains:If you continue on the course you're heading,that's where you'll end up.Sometimes that's good,sometimes not.You can play the game very well,and still suffer great loss. That's because you're playing the wrong game:you need to change it.Even a good game can be made into a better one.Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want,not taking the game you find.
39.The author of this passage isB the idea that"Business is war."
A.in favor of
B.against
C.considering
D.doubtful of
40.Why does the writer mention game theory?B
A.To inform the readers of the key elements.
B.To explain how competition and cooperation co-exist in business.
C.To prove business is war.
D.To introduce the Chinese old saying.
41.The correct understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph isA.
A.you are really good at playing the game,but you still lose it out
B.you are so competitive that you beat up all of your competitors terribly
C.you play the game too well to suffer great loss
D.the competition is so hard that you have to put all your heart into it.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了时代在变化,"商业是战争"这一观点已经不适合现代,我们要学的是竞争和合作如何在商业中共存.

解答 39.B.推理判断题.根据第二段But today in doing business,you have to listen to shareholders,work with suppliers,keep good relations-even with competitors.That doesn't sound like war可知这篇文章的作者是反对"商业是战争"这一观点的;故选B.
40.B.细节理解题.根据第四段To bring together competition and cooperation,we turn to game theory可知作者提到游戏理论解释竞争和合作如何在商业中共存;故选B.
41.A.句意理解题.根据最后一段Sometimes that's good,sometimes not.You can play the game very well,and still suffer great loss可知意为你真的很擅长玩游戏,但你还是输了;故选A.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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    We have a lot to be grateful for and this holiday season let's not forget about the more than 415,000 youth in foster care especially older youth.These youth are the most likely to get overlooked for adoption,but they shouldn't be.They need and deser ve a family just as much as young children do.Making an older youth a part of your family can bring just as much a joy as adopting a baby or a younger child-without all the diapers and potty training.
My adoption was life changing and probably the best thing that ever happened to me.I still remember the first gift my parents gave to me.It was a Mickey Mouse key chain with a key to their home.They told me that no matter what happened they would always love me and I'd always have a place to come home to.This is our 17th Thanksgiving together…
    My first Thanksgiving with my family was a little overwhelming with lots of extended family including grandparents,aunts,uncles,and cousins.However,it's when I realized that I would never have to spend another holiday alone and that was truly an amazing feeling.
    I was always eager to spend time with my little sister,Beth.She was six when I joined the family.My dad always says he knew we were really sisters,and I was no longer a guest in the house when Beth and I had our first fight.Today,she's one of my best friends,and I'm her b iggest cheerleader.
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    I look forward to many more Thanksgivings with my family,and I'm eternally thankful they chose me to be a part of their family.
63.What does the author's personal experience indicate?A
A.It's rather difficult for older youth to be adopted.
B.Older youth bring less joy than babies.
C.It's boring having a bittersweet Thanksgiving.
D.An older youth aged 18 is too old to need a family.
64.What contributes to the author's feeling that she can't imagine being alone in the world?D
A.The family's giving the author a Mickey Mouse as a gift.
B.The author's spending her Thanksgiving with her extended family for 17 years.
C.The mother's failing to attend the author's wedding ceremony for her severe disease.
D.The family's always sharing happiness and sorrow with her.
65.What does adoption for older youth really mean?D
A.It means not living alone any longer.
B.It means being taken good care of by others.
C.It means being successful in career.
D.It means being loved and a sense of belonging.
66.The underlined sentence"It's an opportunity to be rejected once again."in Paragraph 8 means thatB.
A.older teens take the opportunity to be adopted
B.older teens are less likely to be adopted
C.older teens create the opportunity to be adopted
D.older teens are in danger of being adopted
67.What's the author's main purpose of writing the passage?C
A.To express her appreciation for her family.
B.To show sympathy to the unadoptable older youth.
C.To appeal to more people to adopt the older youth.
D.To persuade the readers not to believe others'words.
8.Six years ago,a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed two men standing together.Several minutes after her leaving,the men murdered a person working in the building.Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen the two suspects,and could possibly describe them.In an interview with police,her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear.
Several days later,psychologist Ronald P.Fisher was brought in to get a more complete description from the woman.Fisher's interview produced a breakthrough (突破)-the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects.She then recalled several details about his appearances.This information gave police important leads that enabled them to arrest the      suspects and close the case.
Police investigators found the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive (认知的) interview,a kind of memory-rebuilding process.In its original form,the cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques:thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events,reporting everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected,retelling events in kinds of time orders,beginning to end,end to beginning,forward or backward,and accepting different views while recalling events.
Usually,an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions.The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words,with no interviewer interruptions.The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques,such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different aspects.
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training,while error rates remain about the same.
62.What is the purpose of this passage?D
A.To give an description of a murder case in an office.
B.To explain why Fisher was invited to a police interview.
C.To describe how cognitive method helps the woman to recall.
D.To give the readers an idea of cognitive interview.
63.The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more byC.
A.strengthening her memory            
B.giving her encouragement
C.rebuilding her memory              
D.giving her more time
64.It can be inferred from the passage that in a cognitive interview,the interviewer mainly plays aA role.
A.directing          
B.questioning    
C.disappointing       
D.interrupting
65.What is the key point of the cognitive interview?B
A.The interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time.
B.The witness is encouraged to take an active role in recalling information.
C.The interview should take place outside the police station.
D.The witness should recall details at the scene of the event.
2.How can we get rid of garbage?Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?
These are two important questions that many people are asking today.Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time.They suggest using garbage as an energy source,and at the same time,it can save the land to hold garbage.
For a long time,people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land.Now,empty land is scarce.But more and more garbage is produced each year.However,garbage can be a good fuel to use.The things in garbage do not look like coal,petroleum,or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels.As we use up our fossil fuel supplies,we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.
Burning garbage is not a new idea.Some cities in Europe and the United States,have been burning garbage for years.The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water.The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings.In Paris France,some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city garbage each year.The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil.
Our fossil fuel supplies are limited.Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs.This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.

54.What two problems can man solve by burning garbage?B
A.The shortage of energy and air pollution
B.The shortage of energy and the land to hold garbage
C.Air pollution and the shortage of fossil fuel
D.Air pollution and the shortage of land to hold garbage
55.According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?D
A.About 2million metric tons of garbage are burned in Paris,France each year.
B.In a modern society,more and more garbage is produced each year.
C.Using garbage is a good way to solve the problem of energy shortage.
D.It will be too expensive to use garbage as an energy source.
56.What is the author's attitude?C
A.Negative
B.Indifferent
C.Agreeing
D.Disagreeing.
3.Many parents have learned the hard way that what sounds like open communication is often the very thing that closes a youngster's ears and mouth.One common mistake is the Lecture,the long monologue that often starts with"When I was your age…"Eighteen-year-old Kelly calls lectures"long,one-side discussions in which I don't say much."
Kids reflexively(条件反射地)shut down in the face of a lecture.Their eyes glaze over(呆滞),and they don't register any incoming information.Listen to 13-year-old Sarah describe her least favorite times with her mom and dad."First,they scream.Then comes the‘We're so disappointed'speech.Then the‘I never did that to my parents'lecture begins.After that,even if they realize how ridiculous they sound,they never take it back."
Lines like"When you have children of your own,you'll understand"have been seriously said by parents since time immemorial.But many of our expert parents,like Bobby,a registered nurse and mother of three,feel that by falling back on clichés(陈词滥调)to justify our actions,we weaken our position.
Since kids are creatures of here and now,the far-off future has no relevance to them.Therefore,good communicators like Bobby suggest,"Give specific
reasons for your actions in present language:‘I'm not letting you go to the party because I don't think there will be enough adult supervisions(监护).'"
Betty,who lives in Missouri,uses an indirect approach."I find that warnings are accepted more readily if I discuss a news article on a subject I am concerned about.My husband and I talk about it while our children absorb the information.
Then they never think I'm preaching(布道)."
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61.The purpose of the passage is toB.
A.compare two ways of parents communicating with their kids
B.give parents advice on how to communicate with their kids
C.explain why kids won't listen to their parents.
D.introduce kids'reaction to the communication between them and their parents
62.Which of the following statements is NOT right?D
A.Kids won't listen to their parents because they think what their parents say is boring.
B.Many kids think they have no right to express their own opinions.
C.Some kids think their parents should apologize when they are wrong.
D.Kids don't like any discussion at all.
63.What does the underlined word"monologue"in the first paragraph mean?A
A.a long speech by one person
B.a speech by two persons
C.conversation
D.discussion
64.Which of the following topic may appeal to kids?C
A.Parents'own experience
B.Kids possible life in the future
C.Something related to kids'present life
D.What parents have done to their own parents.
65.In order to make kids follow their advice,parents shouldD_.
A.tell their kids to listen carefully
B.set out their warnings directly
C.list out as many examples as possible
D.arouse kids'desire to express themselves.

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