题目内容

阅读表达。
     Long ago, children played like children do today. They got dirty from running around. Older people got
dirty from working all day. But then there was no soap. What did people do to get clean?
     At first, people just went into a lake. They washed in the water. But then learned to use other things with
the water. They put plants in a fire until they turned black. In this way,they made ashes. People used the ashes
like soap. They also used oil like soap. But these were not very good.
     The first soaps were hard to make. First water was put in a pot. Then fat was added. Oil and ash were
mixed in the pot, too. Then it was put on a fire. Everything got very hot. Salt was added. After a while the
fat came to the top. When the cooked fat was taken out, it got hard. This was the first soap.
     The soap we use today is very different. Things were put in to make it smell good. Something is added
to give it a nice color. Some soaps are white. Others are yellow, green, or blue. Soap is also cut in different
ways. It can be round or square.
     What is soap used for? We all know that it is needed to wash things. But did you know that a kind of
soap is used to oil machines? This makes them work well. Another kind of soap is put in oil to make your
car run better.
1. What's the passage mainly about? ( answer the question briefly)
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. What's the meaning of the word" but then" in the first paragraph?
     ( answer the question briefly)
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
     People used the ashes to take over soap.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.
     People put pot on fire in order to ____________________________________________________.
5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
___________________________________________________________________________________
1. Soap making and soap using.
2. Besides.
3. People used the ashes like soap.
4. cook
5.早期的肥皂很难制作.
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阅读表达。阅读下面短文，请根据短文后的要求进行答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
     [l]The harmful effects on children were summed up last year in a report by the National Research Council
and Institute of Medicine. Problems begin early, as the infants of depressed mothers cry more than other babies.
They have greater fear of strangers and less tolerance for frustration. Starting in preschool and across all stages
of childhood, they have more behavior problems at school and higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders. 
     [2]By adolescence, children with depressed parents have poorer social relations than the teens of parents
____, and they're more likely to be dependent on alcohol and drugs. Depression in parents also is linked to more
behavior problems at school and higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders, according to studies in the
report.
     [3]And some harmful effects of growing up with a depressed parent appear to remain into adulthood. A
20-year study on kids of depressed parents found that those with depressed parents suffered about three times
the rate of anxiety disorders and depression by their 30s, and they were in poorer health than peers and much
more likely to be dependent on drugs and alcohol. The study, believed to be the longest ever done, was
published in the American Journal of Psychiatry in 2006. These effects may not only be long-lasting but also
far-reaching. Serious depression affects about one in five American parents, and 15.6 million children live with
an adult who has had major depression in the last year.
     [4]As knowledge about the effects of parental depression has grown, so too has research into how to fight
those effects. Studies suggest, for example, that changing destructive parenting practices and teaching children
good coping strategies can make a big, positive difference in kids.
1. What is mainly talked about in the text? (no more than lo words) 
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? With a better understanding of the 
    effects of depressed parents, research is also being conducted on how to prevent those effects.
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
4. List three negative effects of parental depression on children. (no more than 20 words)
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
阅读表达。
     Some countries have a large number of earthquakes. Japan is one of them, while others do not have many,
for example, there are few in Britain.
     There is often a great noise during an earthquake. The ground vibrates. Houses fall down. Railways are
broken, which causes trains to run off. Sometimes thousands of people are killed in different ways. About
60,000 were killed in 1783 in the south of Italy. Some people say that earthquakes often happen near volcanoes
(火山), but this is not true. The centres of some earthquakes are under the sea. The bottom of the sea suddenly
moves. The powerful forces inside the earth break the rocks. The coast is shaken and great waves appear.
These waves travel long distances and rush over the land when they reach it, breaking down houses and other
buildings. Sometimes they break more buildings than ____.
     A terrible earthquake happened in Assam, India, in 1986. The land near Shillong suddenly moved l.5 feet to
one side, and then back again. It continued to act like this 20 times a minute. Few buildings could stand what
was happening and great stones flew four feet high into the air. What kind of buildings stays up best in an
earthquake? The Americans studied carefully the results of the earthquake at San Francisco (1906) and believed
it best for buildings to be made with concrete (水泥) walls together by steel frame. Such are the buildings that
can't burn or fall easily.
1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within lo words.)
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? These buildings are very strong and
    do not burn easily. 
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases. (Please answer within 10 words.)
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think may happen before an earthquake? (Please answer within 30 words.) 
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. 
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
阅读表达。
     Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early Protestant immigrants (新教徒移
民) came to this country, they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude, the
Protestant Work Ethic (道德规范), still influences America today. Work is not only important for economic
benefits, the salary, but also for social and psychological need the feeling of doing something for the good of
the society. Americans spend most of their lives working, being productive. For most Americans, their work
defines them: they are what they do. What happens then, when a person can no longer work? Almost all
Americans stop working at age sixty-five or seventy and retire. Because work is such an important part of life
in this culture, retirement can be very difficult. Retirees often feel that they are useless and unproductive. Of
course, _____; but leaving one's job, whatever it is, is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to
retiring. Many retirees do not know how to use their time or they feel lost without their jobs.
     Retirements can also bring financial problems. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month.
During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government.
Each employer also gives a certain percentage to the government. When people retire, they receive this money
as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing
very rapidly. Senior citizens, those over sixty-five, have to have savings in the bank or other retirement plans
to make ends meet. The rate of inflation (通货膨胀)is forcing prices higher each year. Social Security checks
alone cannot cover these growing expenses. The government offers some assistance, medicare and welfare,
but many senior citizens have to change their life styles after retirement. They have top spend carefully to be
sure that they can afford to buy food, fuel and other necessities.
     American society is only beginning to be concerned about the special physical and emotional needs of its
senior citizens. The government is taking steps to ease the problem of limited income. They are building new
housing,offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services such as free
courses, food service, and help with housework.
1. What's the general idea of this passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
    ______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases. (Please answer within lo words.)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which sentence in the passage is the closet in meaning to the following sentence? Retirees will have many
    economic difficulties after retiring.
   ______________________________________________________________________________________
5. What other suggestions would you give to the govemment to take steps to ease the problems of limited
    income of the senior citizens? (Please answer within 30 words.) 
   ______________________________________________________________________________________

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