Many disease researchers have warned that rising global temperatures could lead to more diseases, for example by allowing tropical diseases to expand their ranges into what are now mild regions．This 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Many disease researchers have warned that rising global temperatures could lead to more diseases, for example by allowing tropical diseases to expand their ranges into what are now mild regions．This is a particular fear for the diseases carried by insects such as malaria（疟疾）and sleeping sickness．

But the reality is more complex, argues Kevin Lafferty, a disease ecologist．He argues that a warming climate could favour some diseases in certain regions while controlling them in others．

Lafferty does not deny that climate change might allow malarial mosquitoes to spread to new areas．However he believes that hotter and drier conditions may also get rid of mosquitoes from areas where they currently exist．If this were the case, he says, there would be little, if any, net increase（净增长）in the risk of disease．

In addition, many mild regions such as southern Europe or the southern U.S. have good sanitation（卫生设备） and insect control programmes which, Lafferty says, would prevent diseases from becoming common even if climatic conditions were suitable．

Finally, he argues, climate change could wipe many species off the plant．Infectious pathogens（病原体）depend on their hosts for survival so they too may become endangered－especially if they, like malaria, rely on more than one host．

But Mercedes Pascual of the University of Michigan points out that there are large human populations in the east African highlands, just outside of the existing range of malarial mosquitoes．She said as temperatures rise, the mosquitoes will reach these areas．So the disadvantages will outweigh the advantages of decreased risk elsewhere．

Most of the ecologists do, however, seem to agree on one point: predicting where a disease is going to go next involves far more than just considering climate．No matter what the results of the debate are, they all agree that health concerns should continue to play a critical role in climate policy, and the debate shouldn't be regarded as weakening the case for action against global warming．

1．According to Kevin Lafferty, climate change__________.

A．will not increase the spread of insect-borne diseases

B．may not significantly increase the risk of disease in the whole world

C．will not affect the dry regions where sanitation is good

D．may not affect viruses that depend on more than one host

2．What does Mercedes Pascual think of Lafferty 's conclusion?

A．She disagrees with it． B．She supports it．

C．She is not sure of it． D．She thinks it needs proving．

3．We may infer from the passage that ___________.

A．climate is the only factor in the prediction of the spread of diseases

B．when making a climate policy one should take health into account

C．the debate mentioned in the passage furthers the debate on global warming

D．a policy should be made immediately to try to stop climate change

4．We can learn from the passage that ___________

A．all the disease researchers agree that climate change will spread disease

B．nothing can be done to stop the present global warming

C．scientists have found ways to stop the wild spread of disease

D．ecologists have different views on whether the global warming will spread diseases further

BABD

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　　According to record, tobacco smoking first started in Central and South America. About 500 years 1 , explorers (探险家) who went there with Columbus 2 back to Europe the 3 of pipe (烟斗) smoking which they had 4 from the American Indians. It was 5 into China in Ming Dynasty. Cigarette smoking became 6 in Europe during the 1900's, 7 after World War Ⅰ and World War Ⅱ.

　　For centuries, scientists have doubted (怀疑) the harms (危害) of 8 smoking. But only 9 the 1950's, scientists have found 10 proofs (证据) to show the 11 . Cigarette smoking is linked (有联系的) to many disease. 12 the middle of this century to the present, 60 million people died from 13 in the developed countries. If the present 14 continues, 15 30 years there will be 10 million deaths each year, 16 this number 70% deaths will be in the third world countries.

　　In China there are 300 million smokers. They not only harm their own health but also harm 17 . Statistics (统计) show that there are 400 18 passive (被动的) smokers. Passive smokers are 19 who do not smoke themselves but people 20 them smoke. Passive smoking is likely (可能) to cause many diseases.

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阅读理解

　　Comprehensive lifestyle changes including a better diet and more exercise can lead not only to a better physique, but also to swift and dramatic changes at the genetic level, U．S．researchers said on Monday．In a small study, the researchers tracked 30 men with low-risk prostate cancer(前列腺癌)who decided against conventional medical treatment such as surgery and radiation or hormone therapy．

　　The men underwent three months of major lifestyle changes, including eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and soy products, moderate exercise such as walking for half an hour a day, and an hour of daily stress management methods such as meditation(冥想)．As expected, they lost weight, lowered their blood pressure and saw other health improvements．But the researchers found more profound changes when they compared prostate biopsies taken before and after the lifestyle changes．After the three months, the men had changes in activity in about 500 genes－including 48 that were turned on and 453 genes that were turned off．The activity of disease-preventing genes increased while a number of disease-promoting genes, including those involved in prostate cancer and breast cancer, shut down, according to the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences．

　　The research was led by Dr．Dean Ornish, head of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, and a well-known author advocating lifestyle changes to improve health．“It's an exciting finding because so often people say,‘Oh, it's all in my genes, what can I do?’Well, it turns out you may be able to do a lot,”Ornish, who is also connected with the University of California, San Francisco, said in a telephone interview．“'In just three months, I can change hundreds of my genes simply by changing what I eat and how I live．That's pretty exciting,”Ornish said．“The implications of our study are not limited to men with prostate cancer．”

(1)

The article basically states that a healthy lifestyle ________．
[　　]
A．	can even change your genes for the better．
B．	has no effect on your genes．
C．	is good for the environment．
D．	helps men recover from prostate cancer．

(2)

Apart from eating healthy food and exercising, the men in the study ________．
[　　]
A．	were put under a lot of stress．
B．	were walking for hours a day．
C．	were taught stress management methods．
D．	were thinking for a whole day．

(3)

In total, how many disease-preventing genes turned on as a result of the healthy lifestyle?
[　　]
A．	30
B．	453
C．	500
D．	48

(4)

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article?
[　　]
A．	The men with low-risk prostate in the study lost weight and lowered their blood pressure．
B．	A famous author and Dr．Dean Ornish led this research．
C．	Dr．Dean Ornish expressed his optimism about this research in a telephone interview．
D．	Conventional medical treatment has no effect on the men with prostate cancer．

Comprehensive lifestyle changes including a better diet and more exercise can lead not only to a better physique, but also to swift and dramatic changes at the genetic level, U.S. researchers said on Monday. In a small study, the researchers tracked 30 men with low-risk prostate cancer（前列腺癌）who decided against conventional medical treatment such as surgery and radiation or hormone therapy.

The men underwent three months of major lifestyle changes, including eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and soy products, moderate exercise such as walking for half an hour a day, and an hour of daily stress management methods such as meditation（冥想）. As expected, they lost weight, lowered their blood pressure and saw other health improvements. But the researchers found more profound changes when they compared prostate biopsies taken before and after the lifestyle changes. After the three months, the men had changes in activity in about 500 genes -- including 48 that were turned on and 453 genes that were turned off. The activity of disease-preventing genes increased while a number of disease-promoting genes, including those involved in prostate cancer and breast cancer, shut down, according to the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The research was led by Dr. Dean Ornish, head of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, and a well-known author advocating lifestyle changes to improve health. "It's an exciting finding because so often people say, 'Oh, it's all in my genes, what can I do?' Well, it turns out you may be able to do a lot," Ornish, who is also connected with the University of California, San Francisco, said in a telephone interview. "'In just three months, I can change hundreds of my genes simply by changing what I eat and how I live'. That's pretty exciting," Ornish said. "The implications of our study are not limited to men with prostate cancer."

60. The article basically states that a healthy lifestyle__________.

A. can even change your genes for the better.

B. has no effect on your genes.

C. is good for the environment.

D. helps men recover from prostate cancer.

61. Apart from eating healthy food and exercising, the men in the study__________.

A. were put under a lot of stress.

B. were walking for hours a day..

C. were taught stress management methods.

D. were thinking for a whole day.

62. In total, how many disease-preventing genes turned on as a result of the healthy lifestyle?

A. 30 B. 453 C.500 D. 48

63. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article?

A. The men with low-risk prostate in the study lost weight and lowered their blood pressure.

B. A famous author and Dr. Dean Ornish led this research.

C. Dr. Dean Ornish expressed his optimism about this research in a telephone interview.

D. Conventional medical treatment has no effect on the men with prostate cancer.

In ancient Greece people knew about the curing powers of the sun, but this knowledge was lost. At the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain diseases, especially diseases of the skin.He was interested not only in natural sunlight but also in man-produced rays. Sunlight began to play a more important part in caring sick people.

A Swiss doctor, Auguste Rollier, made full use of the sun in his hospital at Leysin, which is a small village high up in the Alps.He found that sunlight, fresh air and good food cure a great many disease. He was particularly successful in curing certain forms of tuberculosis with his "suncure".

There were a large number of children in Dr. Rol]ier's hospital. He decided to start school where sick children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn. It was not long before his school was full. In winter, wearing only shorts, socks and boots, the children put on their skis after breakfast and left the hospital They carried small desks and chairs as well as their school- books. Their teacher led them over the snow until they reached a slope which faced the sun and was free from cold winds. There they set out their desks and chairs, and school began.

Although they wore hardly any clothes, Rollier's pupils were very seldom cold. That was because their bodies were full of energy, which they got from the sun. But the doctor knew that sunshine can also be dangerous. If, for example, tuberculosis is attacking the lungs, unwise sun- bathing may do great harm. Today there is not just one school in the sun. There are several in Switzerland, and since Switzerland is not the only country which has the right conditions, there are similar schools in other places.

45. Two doctors were mentioned in the passage because __________.

A. they both made use of sunlight to treat illness

B. they were the first to use sunlight for treatment

C. they were both famous European doctors

D. they used sunlight in very different ways

46. Dr. Rollier set up a "sun-cure" school probably for the reason that _________.

A. most children could stay in his hospital

B. children could study while being treated

C. the school was expected to be full of pupils

D. the school was high up in the mountains

47. Which of the following can best describe Dr. Rollier's school according to the fourth paragraph?

A. It is in the open and full of sunshine.

B. It lies on a slope facing cold winds.

C. It is open only in winters.

D. The pupils have classes in shorts.

48. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. "Sun-cure" schools are becoming popular everywhere.

B. Switzerland is the only country where "sun-cure" schools are popular.

C. Proper conditions are necessary for the running of a "sun-cure" school.

D. "Sun-cure" schools are found in countries where there is a lot of sunshine.

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