While parents, particularly mothers, have always been attached to their infants (婴儿), societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain (保持)．First of all, the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness．Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child．
One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year．Another practice that discouraged maternal (母亲的) attachment was tightly wrapping (包裹) infants．Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking (抚摸) and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers' and fathers' affection for their infants．
A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing．Breast-feeding (母乳哺育) was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times; infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose．In some places, such as nineteenth-century France, city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country．Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first, leaving little for the city infant - who, in many case, died In Rouen, the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent．
(1)
Babies were unnamed until they were two so that ________．
TALLMANSVILLE, W．Va．-Eleven miners who died in the Sago disaster could have walked out alive had they known that there was healthier air less than 2,000 feet away, the head of the mining company told NBC News in an interview aired on zMonday-exactly a week to the day that the men sat trapped in the mine awaiting rescuers who arrived too late for all but one survivor．
”They were headed into an unknown,” International Coal Group CEO Ben Haield said．“They had no way of knowing how big, how disastrous the explosion was．In hindsight, if they had known that the smoke was only extremely dense in an area of perhaps 1,000 or 1,500 feet, yes they could have moved to fresh air, yes they could have survived, but they had no way of knowing that．”
”It’s over two miles to the outside and they no doubt would have been concerned that they can’t walk through two miles of smoke,” he added．“If they had known that it was only 1,500 or 42,000 feet of smoke certainly they could have come on out and yes they could have been saved．”
Haield called it a tragedy that was”unavoidable and horribly sad” because the miners, even though they had breathing devices, did exactly what they had been taught to do：hunker down(蹲下)and wait for rescuers．
Crews did not know the location of the miners while they awaited rescue and had no way to communicate with them．
The men appeared to have died after about 10 hours and the rescuers only arrived after about 40 hours．Eleven men died awaiting rescue, one died in the blast that caused the disaster and a 13th survived．
(1)
Which of the following is the most suitable headline for this news report?
[ ]
A．
Mine explosion kills twelve．
B．
Fallen miners were not far from safety．
C．
International Coal Group CEO expresses condolences on(衰悼)death of miners．
D．
Fear of walking long distance leads to death．
(2)
The underlined word”dense” in Paragraph 4 means ________．
[ ]
A．
poisonous
B．
harmful
C．
light
D．
thick
(3)
The underlined paragraph implies that ________．
[ ]
A．
some safety knowledge may mislead victims in a particular situation
B．
all the trapped miners could have survived if they had not hunkered down
C．
to avoid similar tragedies, it is better not to teach miners what to do in case of danger
D．
the miners’ ignorance of proper safety measures lead to the tragedy
(4)
Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
[ ]
A．
One miner survived the accident by moving to fresh air on his own．
B．
The trapped miners did not walk out to safety because they could not tell their location．
C．
The only survivor was rescued around 40 hours after the explosion．
D．
Twelve miners died after sitting trapped in the mine for about 10 hours．
阅读理解
“I swear, I didn't steal anything!” I shouted over the alarm．Obviously the security guard didn't believe me because he seized the shopping bag right out of my hand．
“Do you have a receipt of this?” he asked doubtfully, putting any new back-to-school outfit(全套设备)onto the dusty floor near the mall entrance．
“Of course I do,” I replied, fishing my wallet out of my coat pocket．Elsie and Monica, my two best friends, stood beside me．They were laughing their heads off!
I almost tore my wallet apart for the receipt, but it had disappeared．“Let me look again,” I said nervously．Then I looked again, and again, and again!My face was getting hotter by the minute, and my heart was beating like a racehorse．．w．^w．k．s．
Finally, I looked back at the guard and whispered, “It's not here．” The guard picked up my clothes and said, “You'll have to come with me, Miss．”
When he opened the office door, I saw a man sitting behind a big metal desk．It was the manager．Then I had an idea．
“May I say something?”I asked．“I can prove I didn't steal this thing．” “Then I explained all about the cashier(出纳员)．She said that she had bought the exact same outfit as a birthday present for her little sister．” “We'll just see about that,” the manager said and went off to find her．Ten minutes later, I was free!
It was terrible to be unfairly accused of something!Then I remembered shouting at my sister that very morning for taking my new hair clips．
Had she really taken them?I made a promise that day never to accuse someone of something without proof, and I haven't．At last, something good came out of my terrible experience．
(1)
Why didn't the security guard believe the author?
[ ]
A．
Because she looked nervous at that time．
B．
Because she had no money in her wallet．
C．
Because she didn't have a receipt for the outfit．
D．
Because her face turned red after being caught．
(2)
That the author's two friends laughed their heads off showed ________．
[ ]
A．
they didn't believe the author
B．
they laughed at the author who stole things．
C．
they expected the author to be caught．
D．
they played a trick on the author．
(3)
We can infer the author was very ________ from the underlined part in Paragraph 4．
[ ]
A．
careful
B．
nervous
C．
frightened
D．
excited
(4)
Who proved that the author hadn't stolen anything?
[ ]
A．
The manager
B．
The cashier．
C．
The author's friends
D．
The security guard．
(5)
From her experience, the author learned that ________．
[ ]
A．
you should believe in yourself in face of difficulty．
B．
it is a terrible thing to be suspected(怀疑)by friends
C．
you should ask for a receipt for whatever you buy
D．
you should not doubt others if you can't prove it．
阅读理解
“Hey, little buddy, will you support me when I'm getting old?” Han Wenshan, 35 years old, asked his new-born baby as he picked him up at home．
The Chinese tradition of raising sons to support parents in their old age has been weakened by the rapidly growing economy and improved standard of living．As is the case with developed countries, China faces an aging society．People are living longer and having fewer children．Therefore many Chinese families are falling into a 4-2-1 family pattern：a couple raises one child and supports four elderly parents．But few realize this problem．
The aging of the population is a trend that now affects a growing number of countries．Not long ago, the Information Office of the state council, China's cabinet, issued a white paper on measures China is taking to help its elderly population．The paper said China's population entered the aging phase(阶段)at the end of the 20th century as the proportion of people aged 60 and above accounted for over 10 percent of the entire population．By the end of 2005, China had nearly 144 million people over 60, accounting for 11 percent of the population, according to the white paper．
An expanding aged population inevitably means that many issues must be settled, as the problem concerns every aspect of society．It puts more pressure on each family, causing disturbing economic consequences and serious social problem concerns every aspect of society．It puts more pressure on each family, causing disturbing economic consequences and serious social problem．It also challenges the labor force supply and the pension(养老金)system．
“I used to think that it's not an issue for me to provide for the aged．” said Han, whose parents and parents-in-law all enjoy pensions and medical insurance．But last year Han's father suffered a serious illness and afterward Han began to feel the pressure on his shoulders．
(1)
Which of the following is not caused by an aging society?
[ ]
A．
Social problems．
B．
The problem of the pension system
C．
Unemployment
D．
More pressure on the family．
(2)
From the passage we can infer ________．
[ ]
A．
children will not support their parents in an aging society
B．
China will encourage young couples to have more than one children
C．
many people haven't realized the problem of an aging society
D．
the aging problem is one of the concerns for the Chinese government
(3)
Which of the following can be used to replace the underlined w ord “inevitably?”
[ ]
A．
Naturally．
B．
Surprisingly．
C．
Hopefully．
D．
Unluckily．
(4)
From the passage we can see that ________．
[ ]
A．
China is the only country to face an aging society
B．
most of the developing countries face an aging society
C．
developed countries face an aging society
D．
countries with a large population face an aging society
阅读理解
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Offer Limited to 40 per household 2012 American Silver Eagle Coin
Your cost 1-4 Coins ＄38.95 each＋s/h
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Offer Code(代码)ASE177-04
Please mention this code when you call．
New York Mint 14101
Southcross Drive W．, Dept．ASE177-04
Burnsville, Minnesota 55337
www．NewYorkMint．com
(1)
What is stressed in the ad?
[ ]
A．
The coin is of high quality and worth collecting．
B．
The coin can be circulated as a currency．
C．
Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin．
D．
Demand for the coin is bound to break records．
(2)
If you buy six 2012 U．S．Mint Silver Eagles by post, you should pay at least ________．
[ ]
A．
＄230.7
B．
＄233.7
C．
＄240.7
D．
＄243.7
(3)
The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by ________．
Leon Lai will give a personal performance at 7:30 p. m. from tomorrow through to September 21 at the Shanghai Gymnasium, The show is to celebrate the opening of the 93rd Huangpu Tourism Festival.