题目内容

Nearly a century later，extensive observations_______that elephants indeed remember injuries and hold hates against their abusers．

A．confirmedB．have confirmed

C．will confirmD．had confirmed

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Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior．

One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.

They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner’ s Dilemma. The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players. Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.

The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children were aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were aged five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not.

The study says the IQs of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points. The more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.

1.According to the first study, we mainly infer that .

A．the game is called Prisoner’s Dilemma

B．the less a group punished itself, the lower its earnings

C．adults are much more cooperative if rewarded

D．the game is introduced in the journal Science

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the second study?

A．Children's IQs have much to do with physical punishment．

B．The study is about violence and cooperation of children．

C．The children tested were divided into groups of four．

D．Children's mental development only relies on their IQs．

3.What does the underlined word "spanked" refer to?

A． Punished． B． Blamed． C． Tested． D． Praised．

4.What might be the best title for the text?

A． The Best Way to Correct Misbehavior

B． Punishment Is the Best Way of Education

C． Cooperation Is the Most Successful Behavior

D． Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?

书面表达（共1小题）

一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”、请根据下列要求和你的想象完成短文、

1、家庭

2、工作

3、业余生活

注意：1、次数100左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头语已为你写好

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future．

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously．Jason was determined not to go against their father's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother．He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.

“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you've been playing with his new computer.”Jason said，“He told us not to touch it.”

“He won't find out，” Mark said，“I'll just have a quick look and shut it down.”

Mark had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment．But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.

It was a strange?looking machine—one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked.“It's an experimental model，” his father had explained，“so don't touch it under any circumstances.” But his father's warning only served to make Mark more curious．Without any further thought，Mark turned on the power switch．The computer burst into life and seconds later，the screen turned into colors，shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen：“SPACE TRANSPORTER.”

“Yes！” Mark cried excitedly，“It's a computer game．I knew it！Dad's only been pretending to work．He's really been playing games instead.” A new message appeared on the screen：“ENTER NAMES

VOYAGER 1：...

VOYAGER 2：...”

Mark's fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.

“INPUT ACCEPTED.START TRANSPORT PROGRAM．AUTO?RETRIEVE INITIATED(自动回收程序已启动)．”

The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.

“I think we'd better shut it off，Mark，” Jason yelled，reaching for the power switch．He was really frightened.

But his hand never reached the switch．A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen，wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒)，until they themselves seemed to be glowing．Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life．And the boys were no longer there．On the screen，the letters changed.

“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL.DESTINATION: MARS.RETRIEVE DATE：2025.”

1.Why did Mark touch the computer against his father's warning?

A．He wanted to take a voyage.

B．He wanted to practice his skill.

C．He was so much attracted by it.

D．He was eager to do an experiment.

2.Where did the boys' father most likely work?

A．In an electronic factory.

B．In a computer company.

C．In a scientific research center.

D．In an information processing center.

3.Mark thought “SPACE TRANSPORTER” on the screen was the name of ________.

A．a computer game

B．a company website

C．a software producer

D．an astronomy program

4.Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?

A．He was afraid of being scolded.

B．He didn't like the loud noise and light.

C．He didn't want to play games any more.

D．He was afraid something dangerous might happen.

Millions of people around the world suffer from a painful addiction to biting their nails，which can be harder________than smoking cigarettes．

A．to be quittedB．to quit

C．to have quittedD．to quitting

— Can you explain your mistake?

— The fact is _______ I didn’t notice the warning．

A．thatB．howC．whyD．what

To keep fit, the old man makes it a rule _____ for a walk after supper every day．

A．goingB．to goC．goD．gone

A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.

Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.

Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.

However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.

Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.

Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: "I just kicked him really hard．My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands．I was quite scared．The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse．My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”

"She's a little star," said Debbie, "I was really upset but Izzy just took over．I just can't believe what she did．I really think all children should be taught first aid．Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up．Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert."

Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day．The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.

He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.

1.From the passage, which of the sentences about Debbie is true?

A．She thought it useless to teach children first aid.

B．She thought if her daughter became a doctor, she would kick him harder.

C．She did nothing to help her husband.

D．She was proud of her daughter.

2.Izzy kicked her father in the chest ______ .

A．to express her helplessness

B．to practise CPR on him

C．to keep him awake

D．to restart his heart

3.What's the right order of the events?

①Izzy kicked Colm.

②Debbie called 999.

③Izzy learned CPR.

④Colm's heart stopped.

A．3124

B．4231

C．3421

D．4312

4.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?

A．What Colm suffered．

B．Colm's present condition.

C．What caused Colm's allergy．

D．Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.

5.Why does the author write the news?

A．To describe a serious accident．

B．To prove the importance of CPR.

C．To report a 9-year-old girl's brave act．

D．To call people's attention to allergic reaction.

LONDON---The International Table Tennies Federation(ITTF) plans to work with Bill Gates, the chairman of Microsoft Corporation, to promote(促进) table tennis in the United States, ITTF President

Adham Sharara said.

The plan was put forward after Gates came to London to watch the game between US teen player Ariel Hsing and Chinese Li Xiaoxia on Sunday, Sharara told Xinhua in an interview.

Sharara didn’t disclose the details, but said that Gates offered to help after watching Hsing’s match, in which the 16-year-old girl nearly pulled off one of the biggest upsets in Olympic table tennis history, pushing No. 2 seed Li to the limit before losing 4-2 in six tight sets.

“Gates was surprised to see the young American girl played so well. He asked me what he can do to help promote table tennis in the United States. I think we’ll work with him. If the United States becomes very strong in table tennis, it’s also good for China,” Sharara said.

Sharara said the case is a “good example” which shows that ITTF’s efforts in promoting the popularity. The ITTF has changed its rules for the London Games, allowing only two players from one nation to enter the singles events. Three players from each National Olympic Committee(NOC) were allowed to enter the singles in previous Games.

“The reason we do this is to help more NOCs to join in our game. If we give more chances to the top countries, someone like Hsing will not come to the Olympic Games. They have no chance. But if we give them the chance, we can see what they can do,” Sharara said.

Sharara said the change increased the pressure on strong teams, like China, Japan, South Korea and Germany. “But they understand now because they saw other NOCs attending. Some countries before had no chance to play in table tennis, but now they are joining in table tennis.”

Other changes made to the Olympic Games include the color of floor (from red to blue) and new table design. “As far as presentation is concerned, we try to change all the time, especially in the Olympic Games. We hope to give audiences something new, exciting and cool.”

Table tennis has long been the strengths of Asia, especially China. Since the sport was introduced into the Olympics in 1988, China has taken 20 of 24 gold medals available. Four years ago in Beijing, it claimed six medals in the men’s and women’s singles.

Talking about the development of table tennis, Sharara said, “China has the responsibility to promote the sport. Of course, China has done a lot.”

1.It is mainly reported in this news that in order to promote table tennis in the United States, _______.

A. ITTF will cooperate with Gates

B. Gates watched Hsing’s match

C. some rules have been changed

D. Hsing pushed Li Xiaoxia to the limit

2.What gave Gates more confidence to promote table tennis in the United States?

A. The Olympic spirits.

B. The popularity of table tennis.

C. Sharara’s patient persuasion.

D. Ariel Hsing’s wonderful performance.

3.Which of the following is ITTF’s purpose of making changes to the London Games?

A. To attract more local audience to the matches.

B. To prevent strong table tennis teams developing.

C. To promote the popularity of table tennis.

D. To give Asian teams chances to join in the match.

4.The following paragraph will most probably talk about_____________.

A. the table tennis rules B. Gate’s detailed plan

C. what China has done D. sports in the United States

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