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短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下写出该加的词。

删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2．只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。

As is known, that it is interesting to teach children to swim while they are still babies．Most large town in Florida and California have already run particularly lessons for babies．The idea has quickly spread to Europe which, in several countries, special courses were now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old．The first step is to have child get rid of the fear with water．Next, he is teaching to float in water．Once he can do that naturally and can swim with fear, the child can master the technique and push him forward through water．

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In the last two years, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

A. is saving B. saves C. had saved D. has saved

Everybody hates it, but everybody does it. A recent report said that 40％of Americans hate tipping. In America alone, tipping is a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting politely ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality. And also, tipping makes for closer relations. It went without saying that the better the service, the bigger the tip.

But according to a new research from Cornell University, tips no longer serve any useful function. The paper analyzes numbers they got from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak. Only a tiny part of the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.

Tipping is better explained, by culture than by the money people spend. In America, the custom came into being a long time ago. It is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In New York restaurants, failing to tip at least l5% could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers. Hairdressers can expect to get l5%-20%, and the man who delivers your fast food $2. In Europe, tipping is less common. In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. Only a few have really taken to tipping.

According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell papers' author, countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more. Tipping may reduce anxiety about being served by strangers. And Mr. Lynn says, “In America, where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off."

1. This passage is mainly about ________.

A. different kinds of tipping in different countries

B. the relationship between tipping and custom

C. the origin and present meaning of tipping

D. most American people hate tipping

2.Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase "caught on"?

A. become popular. B. been hated.

C. been stopped. D. been permitted

3.Among the following situations, in your opinion, who is likely to tip most?

A. A Frenchman just quarreled with the barber who did his hair badly in New York.

B. An American just had a wonderful dinner in a well known restaurant in New York.

C. A Japanese businessman asked for a pizza delivery from a Pizza Hut in New York.

D. A Chinese student enjoyed his meal in a famous fast food restaurant in New York.

4.We can infer from this passage that ________.

A. tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves

B. tipping is especially popular in New York

C. tipping in America can make service better now

D. tipping has something to do with people's character

The Cuban iguana is a species of lizard（蜥蜴） of the iguana family. It is the largest of the West Indian rock iguanas, one of the most endangered groups of lizards. This species with red eyes and a thick tail is one of the largest lizards in the Caribbean.

The Cuban iguana is primarily herbivorous; 95% of its diet consists of the leaves, flowers and fruits from as many as 30 plant species, including the seaside rock bush and various grasses. However, Cuban iguanas occasionally consume animal matter, and individuals have been observed eating the dead flesh of birds, fish and crabs. The researchers wrote that quite a few people on Isla Magueyes could have caused this incident.

The Cuban iguana is distributed throughout the rocky southern coastal areas of mainland Cuba and its surrounding islands with a wild population booming on Isla Magueyes, Puerto Rico. It is also found on the Cayman Islands of Little Cayman and Cayman Brac, where a separate subspecies occurs. Females guard their nest sites and often nest in sites half destroyed by Cuban crocodiles. To avoid the attack from them, the Cuban iguana often makes its home within or near prickly-pear cacti（仙人掌）.

In general the species is in decline, more quickly on the mainland than on the outlying islands. One of the reasons for their decline is habitat destruction caused by the over consuming of farm animals, housing development, and the building of tourist resorts on the beaches where the animals prefer to build their nests. Although the wild population is in decline, the numbers of iguanas have been sharply increased as a result of captive-breeding（圈养）and other conservation programs.

1.The underlined word "herbivorous" （Paragraph 2） probably means .

A. dangerous B. gentle

C. plant-eating D. flesh-eating

2.Why does the Cuban iguana build its nest near prickly-pear cacti?

A. To keep itself cool.

B. To get the food easily.

C. To stay away from people.

D. To avoid crocodiles' attack.

3.How many reasons are mentioned for the habitat destruction?

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.

4.What's the author's purpose of writing the text?

A. To give us a brief introduction to the Cuban iguana.

B. To show he is concerned about the Cuban iguana.

C. To explain reasons for the Cuban iguana's decline.

D. To draw people's attention to the endangered Cuban iguana.

For the last couple of weeks, I had been stuck in front of my computer working on a project that was very important to me. My every waking hour was consumed by the project and although I imagined that I would feel happy after completing parts of the project, I was confused to find that instead, I was feeling rather depressed. I tried a range of methods to help cheer myself up. I had a relaxing bath, cooked a delicious meal to enjoy with my family and even watched a lighthearted movie, but to no avail. It was only when I turned to think for a solution that the answer came to me: turn to nature!

The very next day, I grabbed my camera and a bottle of water and set off to spend a few hours walking in a nature reserve, even though it was pouring with rain. Within a couple of minutes I felt alive again. To be honest, I felt like a young school girl again and had to stop myself from hopping along the path singing, "I'm singing in the rain", a song I used to sing when I was a child. I think as adults we often try too hard to control our inner children and as a result we limit our own spirits, which only leads to depression and stress.

Interestingly, it has been shown that people who spend 40 minutes walking in a nature reserve have a drop in their blood pressure levels, but this does not happen when they spend a similar amount of time walking in a busy city center.

If you feel a little low in spirit and know that you have spent too much time indoors, relax completely, remove your shoes and let your inner child come out and play.

1.The reason why the author felt depressed is that_______.

A. she was afraid she couldn’t finish her work on time

B. she spent too much time indoors in front of her computer

C. her every waking hour was consumed by the project

D. the project was very important to her

2.In the author's opinion, _______.

A. adults should express their inner feelings freely

B. depression is usually caused by hard work

C. walking in a busy city center harms people's health

D. a bath can make people relaxed

3.The last paragraph mainly serves as a(n) _______.

A. explanation B. warning

C. introduction D. reminder

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Last Sunday I made a visit to some new neighbors down the block．No specific in mind, just an opportunity to sit at the kitchen table, have some tea and chat．As I did so, it occurred to me how rare the Sunday visit has become．

When I was a kid in New Jersey of the 1960s, Sunday visits were routine．Most stores were closed, almost nobody worked, and the highways, as a result, were not desperate steeplechases（障碍赛跑）they have become today．My family normally traveled eight city blocks to the home of my grandmother, where adults would sit on the front porch and chat while we children played hide-and-seek．

The Sunday visit was something to desire strongly．It was the repetition to church, our reward for an hour of devotion, an opportunity to take advantage of the fact that Dad was not at work, we were not in school, and there was no housework that couldn’t wait until Monday．Sunday was, indeed, different from the other days of the week, because everyone seemed to be on the same schedule, which means that there was one day when everyone seemed to have time for everybody else．

Sunday as a day of rest is, or was, so deeply rooted in the culture that it’s surprising to find that, in a short span of time, it has almost entirely lost this association．In my childhood, it was assumed that everyone would either be home or visiting someone else’s home on Sunday．But now the question is, “What do you plan to DO this Sunday?” The answer can range from going to the mall, to participating in a road race, to Montreal for lunch．If one were to respond, “I’m making a Sunday visit to family,” such an answer would feel strange, which sounds like an echo from another era．

I suppose I should be grateful to live in Maine, a state of small towns, abundant land and tight relationships．Even though folks work as hard here as they do anywhere else, the state’s powerfully rural feature still keeps at least remnants（残余部分）of the moral of yesterday’s America, where people had to depend on one another in the face of economic vagaries（反复无常的情况）and a challenging environment．

1.The writer’s general impression of the Sunday in the past was a day when＿＿．

A．everyone was paying a visit to some relatives far away

B．everyone seemed to be free for others

C．Dad was not at work while Mom was busy cleaning the house

D．nearly every adult would go to church and children weren’t at school

2.In the fourth paragraph, the writer compares the response “I’m making a Sunday visit to family” to an echo from another era because_____．

A．people nowadays prefer staying at home on Sunday

B．such answers are rarely heard in our modern society

C．people in the city dislike being disturbed on Sunday

D．visiting someone on Sunday was routine in the past

3.From the last paragraph we may infer that_____．

A．people in Maine suffer more from economic depression and the changed environment

B．people in Maine have abandoned their tradition and lived an absolutely new life

C．land in Maine is short, thus the relationship between people is tense

D．people in Maine tend to help each other out of necessity

4.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Doing many activities on Sunday is beneficial．

B．We should often travel a long distance to visit some friends and relatives．

C．Nowadays, Sunday has almost lost its association as a day of rest．

D．We should abandon some old tradition．

--- I can’t go for a picnic with you because something urgent has _____．

---What a shame!

A．come up B．cleared up C．stayed up D．ended up

Every school has notice boards．Let's see what is on the notice board of an American school.

School Policy

·Fighting, saying bad words and all other behavior will not be allowed

·Do not throw rocks, snowballs or sticks on the school grounds

·Hand in a note or telephone to school if your child will be absent for the day

·Parents and visitors need to check in at the office when entering the school.

Report Card

Report card about your school life and work will be given to your parents. Look at the marking key for your school work.

MARKING KEY 【评分标准】

Goes beyond grade level standards 4

Meets grade level standards 3

Does not meet grade level standards 2

Making progress

Does not meet grade level standards, 1

Not making progress

Class Announcement【通知】

Testing Dates:

The math test in June 12-13

The science test is June 15

Parents Meeting:

The next parents meeting is on Friday June 22 at 7:00 pm in the meeting hall.

Homework:

Please check the Homework Board at the school homepage to find your homework.

After-school program

The after-school programs will continue for the year 2012. The programs will be open from 3:30 to 6:00 pm every day.

·3:30-4:30 Homework & Reading

·4:30-6:00 Acitivities

If you have any questions, feel free to call the school at 524-9752

1.According to School Policy, visitors have to when entering the school.

A．hand in a note

B．call at 524--9752

C．check in at the office

D．telephone to the school

2.From , parents can get information on the parents meeting.

A．School Policy B．Report Card

C．After--school Program D．Class Announcement

3.Report Card shows parents ．

A．certain school rules

B．after--school activities

C．plans for classes and tests

D．children's school life and work．

4.Suppose Tony doesn't do well at school but makes progress, he will get______ on the Report Card．

A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4

5.Students do their homework and read books ．

A．from 3:30 to 4:30 B．from 3:30 to 6:00

C．from 4:30 to 6:00 D．from 6:00 to 7:00

Here are some traditional German beer games .

Beer Boot Pass

A very , very popular game played in Germany is the beer boot pass ( Bier Boot ) , which has gained popularity all over the world . The game is usually played to pin the next round of beer on a person . In this , a full glass of beer is passed around in the group—there are some rules for this—it has to be tipped every time before it is passed and not a drop of beer must be spilled . The second-to-last person who finishes the beer must pay for the next round . The game then becomes all about judgment because either you drink the entire beer or have a sip and pass it on . You never know who the second to last person will be , so the uncertainty and excitement makes the game a favorite .

Beer Crate-Running

This is a traditional game that is extremely popular in Germany , Switzerland , and Austria , more popularly referred to as Kastenlauf . The game is similar to running a race , where a route is marked , ranging from anywhere between 5-12 km . Each participant brings a crate of beer ( the size and quantity will be specified ) . The first person who success fully finishes the entire crate of beer before getting to the finish line wins .

Flunkyball

This outdoor game is played with one team being matched against another , with equal numbers in both . The teams stand on opposite sides of the ground in a line , with their beers lined before them . An empty bottle or a tin can is placed in the center and another object ( used as an aim ) is brought in , something like a tennis ball . The first team ( A ) hits the ball onto the target to tumble（打翻）it . Once the bottle has tumbled , team A will start drinking their beers . Meanwhile , team B must run to the center , place the bottle upright , find the ball , and cross back into the line before yelling ‘ Stop ’ . Team A then stops drinking and team B starts to throw the ball at the bottle and carrying forward the game . The game continues till one team has finished all their beer and they are declared winners .

Drinking Relay

Divide the group of people into two teams and get them to stand in a line with beer placed in front of each member . At the blow of the whistle , the first person lifts the glass and starts drinking the beer . After he is done , he has to turn the glass over to show that there is no more beer in the glass . Then , the next person starts drinking and so on . The next in line can only drink when the first person has emptied his glass . The team whose last member empties the glass ahead of others wins .

Herman the German

Even though this game seems simple , it is a lot of fun . It runs on the lines of ‘ Who stole the cookie ’ . A person is chosen as ‘ Herman the German ’ ( HTG ) and he has to get the game running . The other members sit in a random manner and are given names , better if they are confusing names like China Port No. 1 , Rum Master Blaster etc . The game starts with HTG saying – “ HTG dropped a missile on China Port No. 1 , sir ” and China Port No. 1 has to reply with – “ It wasn’t me , sir . ” Then HTG replies – “ Who then , sir ” and it goes on . The sentence has to end with ‘ sir ’ and if it doesn’t , then the player has to down a beer . Similarly , if at any point the players fumble , they have to do the same . The tension makes the players forget things and there’s a whole lot of beer flowing as a result .

1.Which two games have something to do with running ?

A. Beer Boot Pass and Beer Crate-Running

B. Flunkyball and Drinking Relay

C. Beer Crate-Running and Flunkyball

D. Drinking Relay and Herman the German

2. The loser will have to buy beers for others in the game __________ .

A. Beer Boot Pass B. Beer Crate-Running

C. Flunkyball D. Drinking Relay

3.A person with a good memory may have a advantage in playing __________ .

A. Beer Boot Pass B. Flunkyball

C. Drinking Relay D. Herman the German

4.Which of the following statements is listed as a rule of the games ?

A. Every person has to sip the beer when playing Beer Boot Pass .

B. The person who replies to HTG with “ sir ” at the end will be punished .

C. The team can start drinking their beers as soon as they throw the ball in Flunkyball

D. The team members have to drink their beers in turn when playing Drinking Relay .

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