The famous Dr. Edward Jenner was busy trying to solve the problems of smallpox. After studying case after case.he still found no possible cure. He had reached an impasse in his thinking. At this point 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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The famous Dr. Edward Jenner was busy trying to solve the problems of smallpox. After studying case after case，he still found no possible cure. He had reached an impasse in his thinking. At this point，he changed his tactics (策略). Instead of focusing (集中注意力)on people who had smallpox，he switched his attention to people who did not have smallpox. It turned out that dairymaids(挤奶女工)apparently never got the disease. From the discovery that harmless cowpox gave protection against deadly smallpox came vaccination(种痘)and the end of smallpox as a scourge(灾祸)in the Western world.

We often reach an impasse in our thinking. We are looking at a problem and trying to solve it and it seems there is a dead-end, and “aporia” (the technical term in logical meaning “no opening”). It is on these occasions that we become tense. we feel pressured, overwhelmed(压倒；不知所措)，in a state of stress(紧张). We struggle vainly(徒劳的), fighting to solve the problem.

Dr. Jenner, however, did something about this situation. He stopped fighting the problem and simply changed his point of view-from patients to dairymaids, picture the process going something like this：Suppose the brain is a computer. This computer has absorbed into its memory bank all your history, your experiences，your training, your information received，through life, and it is programmed according to all this data. To change your point of view，yon must reprogram your computer，thus freeing yourself to take in new ideas and develop new ways of looking at things. Dr. Jenner，in effect，by reprogramming his computer，erased (清除；忘掉) the old way of looking at his smallpox problem and was free to receive new alternatives (选择的办法).

1. What does “impasse” (in the second sentence) probably mean?

A. Dead-end.　　　　　　　　 B. Depression (压力).

C. Solution.　　　　　　　　　　 D. Peak.

2. How did Dr. Edward Jenner solve the problem of smallpox?

A. He kept on focusing on people who had smallpox.

B. He changed his way of thinking by turning to people without smallpox.

C. Dairymaids advised that he use cowpox to experiment.

D. He happened to discover cowpox and he experimented with it on dairymaids.

3. What does “reprogramming his computer” mean in the last sentence of the passage?

A. Change the program of his personal computer.

B. Fox his personal computer.

C. look at his problem in a new way.

D. Wash his brain of old ideas.

4. We can conclude from the passage that fighting a problem is　　 .

A. always sensible (明智的；合情理的)　　 B. something useless

C. annoying　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. rewarding

5. This passage mainly tells us　　　　 .

A. the definition of an impasses in thinking

B. the discovery of vaccination

C. how to fight a problem

D. how to change our point of view

答案：A;B;C;B;D
提示：

1. 从第二段第一二句话可以知道，该题选A。

2. 参见文章第一段At this point，he changed his tactics (策略). Instead of focusing (集中注意力)on people who had smallpox，he switched his attention to people who did not have smallpox.故B是正确答案。

3. 文章最后一句话就是对该题目的解释。

4. 这个问题是推论题，文章大意说解决问题有时候并不是直接解决，而是换个角度思维，所以，B是最佳答案。

5. 整篇文章就是通过举例子说明要转变我们的思维观点来解决问题。

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此题要求你对一段文章改错。先对每一行作出判断是对还是错。如果是对的，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如果有错误（每行不会多于一个错误），则按情况改错如下：

此行多一个词，把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

John was a very famous pianist. When he was a small boy,

he once played at a party at home of a rich man. 1.. ______

He was only eight years old. And he had played the 2.. ______

piano from several years. At the party, he played a 3... ______

famous piece by Beethoven. He played wonderful. 4.. ______

The famous piece had several very long rests. In 5... ______

every of these rests he took his hands from the piano 6.. ______

and waited. To him this was much more excited. But it 7... ______

seemed as if the mother of the rich man thought 8.. ______

differently. Finally, during one of these rests she went 9..______

over towards him. She touched him on his head with a 10... ______

smile and said, “My boy, why don’t you play what you know well?”

We know the famous ones — the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells— but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’ t we know who they are?

Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’ s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”， however, McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why”and“how”questions. According to McLean，“When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”

Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’ s statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’ s invention，”said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major，“I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.

So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy，but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’ t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham，Alabama. Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.

Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It’ s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’ s traffic light. It’ s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’ s innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

1.By mentioning “traffic light”and “windshield wiper”， the author indicates that countless inventions are________.

A．beneficial, because their inventors are famous

B．beneficial, though their inventors are less famous

C．not useful, because their inventors are less famous

D．not useful, though their inventors are famous

2.Professor Joan McLean’ s course aims to________.

A．add colour and variety to students’ campus life

B．inform students of the windshield wiper’ s invention

C．carry out the requirements by Mountain University

D．prepare students to try their own inventions

3. Tommy Lee’ s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was________.

A．not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer

B．inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper

C．due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm

D．not related to Professor Joan McLean’ s lectures

4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?

A．How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?

B．How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?

C．Shouldn’ t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?

D．Shouldn’ t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?

Once upon a time, there was a man who was so famous that everyone in his country knew him.

One day, the famous man was sitting in a restaurant with his sister.“It must be great to be famous. Everyone tries to please you, and you can do whatever you want to,” said his sister. “It’s quite the opposite sometimes, in fact. Because I’m famous, I can’t do what I want to,” he denied. “But look, we’re sitting at the best table and eating the best food. We couldn’t sit here and eat this if you weren’t famous,” said his sister. “I’ll show you what I mean,” said he.

The next day, the famous man picked up his sister and took her to another country.“I’m not at all famous here,” he said. “Let’s see how we get on.”Soon they found a restaurant, but it was very busy, so they had to queue.“This wouldn’t have happened if you were famous,” said his sister, but the famous man just smiled.

When they finally got a table, it took the waiter years to bring what they ordered. And the food supposed to be hot was cold, and the food supposed to be cold was hot! Eventually, the famous man couldn’t stand any more and asked to see the manager. “This food is awful. We had to wait an hour for a seat, and the service is also very poor. Look, even my spoon is dirty!”

Showing his horribly yellow teeth, the manager, smiling, said, “Well, that’s just bad luck for you.”

“Don’t you know who I am?” asked the famous man.

“I’ve no idea,” replied the manager.

So the famous man and his sister ran away, without paying.

1.What’s the attitude of the man’s sister toward famous people?

A. Indifferent. B. Envious. C. Curious. D. Annoyed.

2.The famous man took his sister to another country to ________.

A. see how famous he was there B. enjoy the delicious food there

C. enjoy the beautiful views there D. see what would happen if no one knew him

3. In fact, the famous man thought that being famous ________.

A. was a thing worth taking pride in B. could bring him all he needed

C. was not all great with everything D. would enable him to travel abroad

4.The passage is written mainly ________.

A. to describe famous people’s life

B. to explain the importance of being famous

C. to show how to deal with problems in a restaurant

D. to show that famous people are watched more

Many boys love reading about the legends of old pirates (海盗) and dreaming of their own wild adventures. But modern pirates are not a thing of the past. Last month Somali pirates did their boldest hijacking (劫持) to date. They seized the Saudi supertanker (超大型油轮) Sirius Star carrying crude oil worth about $100 million. They demanded $15 million to free the ship and its crew.

The pirates have kept hitting the headlines this year: 92 attacks have been attempted, with 36 successful hijackings and 268 crew members taken hostage (人质). The Chinese fishing ship Tianyu 8, with 17 Chinese and 8 foreigners on board, has been in their hands since November 14.

Of course piracy (海盗行为) is nothing new. Even since there has been water and ships there have been pirates. The earliest documented history of pirates dates back to the 13^th century in the Mediterranean Sea. Even the famous Roman emperor Julius Caesar was once kidnapped by pirates.

Piracy reached its peak in the mid-1700s. It was during this time in the Caribbean and off the coast of Africa that men like “Blackbeard the Pirate” made this profession attractive. But with the creation of stronger national Navies piracy became less popular around the world.

In the mid-20^th century, most pirates were petty (小规模的) thieves. They used hooks to sneak (偷偷摸摸) on board ships at anchor, and grabbed all that they could find. These pirates were more likely to flee than fight if faced by the crew.

However, nowadays piracy has become a multi-million-dollar business at tracting many in poor countries. Pirates are treated like heroes among local fishermen.

They use satellite phones and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Once they spot their target, they swarm the ship with fast boats and shoot it by firing AK-47s or even rocket-propelled grenades (火箭榴弹炮). Then they hold the ship and its crews for money.

“The world should take forceful actions together to fight piracy,” said leaders at the Asian and Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Peru.

“However, putting in anti-piracy army can only be half of the solution. We have to protect the fair chance of Somali fishermen to get a good living and keep them from the lure of easy money,” said Peter Lehr, a lecturer in terrorism studies.

1. When did piracy reach its peak?

A. In the 13^th century. B. In the mid-1700s.

C. In the mid-20^th century. D. November 14, 2008.

2.What does the underlined sentence probably mean?

A. Pirates were very bold at first. B. Pirates were very popular then.

C. Pirates were very attractive then. D. Pirates were not so bold at that time.

3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The pirates have committed 92 crimes successfully this year.

B. Piracy became more and more popular as the national Navies became powerful.

C. Nowadays, pirates are learning to use modern weapons to commit crimes at sea.

D. On November 18, a Chinese ship was attacked by a suspected pirate ship.

A star usually is someone who has become famous in sports, film, or pop music, someone like singer Michael Jackson. In the middle nineteen eighties, Michael Jackson successfully made a famous record, which quickly became the most popular recording in the history of music. This made Michael Jackson a bright star.

One of the famous sports bright stars in the United States is Mohammed Ali. When he was a young man, he won a gold medal in the Olympic Games as a boxer. Then, he won first place in the world heavy weight boxing match. Before long, he was known as one of the greatest and most famous boxers in sports history. Everyone knows his name.

Like the stars in the sky, a bright star will lose his brightness as time passes. He is loved by millions of people today, but will be forgotten tomorrow.

1.What does this passage mainly talk about?

A. Michael Jackson B. Mohammed Ali

C. pop music and boxing D. bright stars

2.Michael Jackson is famous for .

A. his songs B. his film

C. his sports D. his heavy weight

3.What does “boxer” in the passage mean in Chinese?

A. 盒子 B. 装箱者 C. 拳击手 D. 制作人

4.What will happen to the bright stars at last according to the passage?

A. They will be remembered by millions of people.

B. They will be loved by people for ever.

C. They will be the most important people in history.

D. They will lose their brightness and be little known.

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