题目内容
11.We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world.They don't move,they don't make sounds and they don't seem to respond to anything-at least not very quickly.But as is often the case,our human's view of the world misses quite a lot.Plants talk to each other all the time.And the language is chemical.Over the years,scientists have reported that different types of plants,from trees to tomatoes,release compounds(化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants.These chemical warnings all have the same purpose-to spread information about one plant's disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves.But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.
In this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,researchers in Japan offered some explanations.They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.
The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest,the cutworm.The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants.They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants.The substance is called HexVic.When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms,it knocked down their survival rate by 17%.The scientists identified the source of HexVic,and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants.Those plants were then able to start producing the cutwormkilling HexVic.Researchers confirmed that uninfected plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease.How do they know when to play defense?They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.
It is a complex tale,and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes.It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us.Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.
25.How do plants warn their neighbors?B
A.They make use of winds.
B.They release some chemicals.
C.They identify the chemicals.
D.They are exposed early.
26.What's the function of HexVic?A
A.It damages the cutworm's body.
B.It shows up more.
C.It cures the disease.
D.It sprays over healthy plants.
27.It can be inferred from the text thatC.
A.there are not chemical signals
B.the phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoes
C.farmers may benefit from the further studies
D.plants are warned first by their neighbors
28.The passage is likely to appear inC.
A.a newspaper advertisement
B.a physics textbook
C.a science magazine
D.a finance report.
分析 本文主要讲述了自然界中的植物通过释放化学物质来实现彼此之间的交流.
解答 25.B 细节题.根据第二段的"scientists have reported that different types of plants,from trees to tomatoes,release compounds(化合物)into the air to help neighboring plants"可知,不同种类的植物,从树木到西红柿都向空气中释放化合物以帮助或者警告周边的植物.
26.A 根据倒数第二段的"When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms,it knocked down their survival rate by 17%(科学家给糖蛾喂食HexVic的化合物后,糖蛾的生存率降低了17%")"以及"Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm-killing HexVic(那些植物接着开始产生杀死糖蛾的HexVic)"可知 HexVic毁了糖蛾的身体.
27.C 由文章的最后一段"Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency."可知农民们会从研究中受益.
28.C 本文内容是告诉人们,植物并非是人们所认为的只是大自然的装饰品,事实上,植物一直都在说话!这是在告诉人们,人类对世界的认知有严重的缺失.由此可推知,这是一篇科研报告性质的文章.
点评 本文是一个科教类阅读,题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.