题目内容
Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults.
The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime, drug use, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.
Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal. First, dosage (时量) matters ---- young people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities for positive relationships, skill building, meaningful involvement (参与), expression, suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe and fair environments, encourage personalized (个性化的) involvement, and actively create learning opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have promising future, how they are designed and run matters.
| Quality after-school programs | |||||
| Apart from making academic performance (1) ____, quality after-school programs are started for other (2) ____. | (3) ____ a positive difference after-school programs make, we should note that not all programs are equal. | ||||
| Quality after-school programs help youth become contributing members of society (4) ____. | Students benefit (8) ____ because the time they attend is different. | Not all students are the same. | Some of the opportunities (9) ____ are positive, (10) ____ others not. | ||
| Students taking part in the programs form better habits (5) ____ greater progress in study. | There is a (6) ____ in the number of high-risk teen behavior as a result of after-school programs. | Quality after-school programs (7) ____ well in supporting all-around development. | |||
1. better 2. purposes 3. Despite 4. effectively 5. making
6. reduction 7. work 8. differently 9. offered / created 10. while
A group of class friends，highly successful in their careers，got together to visit their old university professor .The conversation soon 36 into complaints about stress in work and life
Offering his guests coffee，the professor went to the 37 and returned with a large pot of coffee and a variety of 38 —porcelain，plastic，glass，crystal，some 39 -looking，some expensive，some delicate—telling them to 40 themselves to the coffee
When all the students had a cup of coffee in 41 ,the professor said：“If you noticed，all the nice-looking expensive cups were taken up， 42 behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is normal for you to 43 only the best for yourselves，that is the 44 of your problems and stress.
Be assured that the cup itself 45 no quality to the coffee. In most cases it is just more expensive and in some cases even hides what we drink . 46 all of you really wanted was coffee，not the cup，but you 47 went for the best cups. And then you began 48 each other’s cups.
Now consider this：Life is the 49 ，the jobs，money and 50 in society are the cups . They are Just tools to hold and contain life，and the type of cup we have does not define nor change the quality of life we 51 . Sometimes，by concentrating only on the cup，we 52 to enjoy the coffee God has 53 us. God brews the coffee，not the cups…Enjoy your coffee!”
The happiest people don’t have the best of everything . They Just 54 the best of everything .
Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply . Speak kindly . Leave the 55 to God .
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Packaging is an important form of advertising．A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product．For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character．The child is more interested in the picture than in breakfast food．Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or a small gift inside a box also motivate many children to buy products or to ask their parents to buy for them．
Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing．Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this．Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is free．However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product．The size of a package also motivates a buyer．Maybe the package had “Economy Size” or “Family Size” printed on it．This suggests that the larger size has the most product for the least money．But that is not always true．To find it out, a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit．
The information on the package should provide some answers．But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement．The words and pictures do not tell the whole story．Only the product inside can do that．
【小题1】From the passage we know the buyer pays more attention to __________．
| A．the size of a container |
| B．a container with attractive picture |
| C．a well-designed container |
| D．a plain container with low cost |
| A．It’s not good to buy the product which is sold in a glass or dish． |
| B．The quality of a container has nothing to do with the quality of the product． |
| C．The best choice for a buyer is to buy a product in a plain package． |
| D．A buyer should buy what he needs most rather than a well-designed package． |
| A．How to Package a Product． |
| B．How to Make an Advertisement． |
| C．How to Sell Product． |
| D．How to Treat the Package Wisely． |
A car that runs on coffee is unveiled（shown to the public for the first time）today but at between 25 and 50 times the cost of running a car on petrol, the invention won’t please any motor industry accountants．
Nicknamed the Car-puccino, it has been created using a 1988 Volkswagen Scirocco bought for £400 and it was chosen because it looked like the time-traveling DeLorean in the movie Back To The Future．The car will be driven the 210 miles between Manchester and London powered only by roasted coffee granules （颗粒）．It has been built by a team from the BBC1 science programme Bang Goes The Theory and will go on display at the Big Bang science fair in Manchester to show how fuels other than traditional petrol can power vehicles．
The team calculates the Car-puccino will do three miles per kilo of ground coffee （咖啡粉） — about 56 cups of espressos （浓咖啡） per mile．The journey will use about 70 kilos of ground coffee which, at supermarket prices of between £13 and £26 a kilo depending on brand and quality, will cost between £910 and £1,820, or between 25 and 50 times the £36 cost of petrol for the journey．In total, the trip will cost 11,760 espressos, and the team will have to take ‘coffee breaks’ roughly every 30 to 45 miles to pour in more granules．They will also have to stop about every 60 miles to clean out the ‘coffee filters’ to rid them of the soot and tar which is also generated by the process．So despite a top speed of 60mph, the many stops mean the going will be slow, with the journey taking around ten hours．
Sadly, the inventors will still have to pay duty on their coffee fuel---even though tax collectors at Her Majesty’s Revenue and Custom haven’t yet worked out how much．
Nick Watson, producer of Bang Goes The Theory, said, “Coffee, like wood or coal, has some carbon content so you can use it as a fuel．The coffee needs to be very dry and in granules to allow the air to move through the pile of coffee as it burns．The brand doesn’t matter．” He said the same technology could be used to power a car on other unusual fuels, such as woodchips or nut shells, construction or agricultural waste．
【小题1】Which is the right way to choose the coffee used as fuels to run the Car-puccino?
| A．It should be very dry． | B．The stronger, the better． |
| C．The smaller the granules are, the better． | D．It should be of a certain brand． |
| A．All kinds of materials can be used as fuels． |
| B．The Car-puccino will be put into the market soon． |
| C．Nick Watson is the designer of the Car-puccino |
| D．Much remains to be improved for the Car-puccino． |
| A．it makes a lot of noise |
| B．it runs at a very high cost |
| C．it has to stop to be refueled very often |
| D．it’s not good enough for long-distance journey |
| A．About 70 kilos | B．About 42 kilos． | C．About 32 kilos | D．About 30 kilos |
| A．It looks like wood or coal. | B．It contains some carbon content. |
| C．It is very cheap. | D．It is much better than woodchips or nut shells. |
During the last twenty years there has been increasing concern with the quality of the environment. Along with air and water pollutions, noises pollution has been recognized as a serious pollutant. As noise levels have risen, the effects of noise have become more apparent.
Noise is defined as "unwanted sound". Causes of noise pollution include traffic, aircraft, rock bands, barking dogs, televisions, garbage trucks, and noise from neighbors, voices, alarms, and watercrafts. Studies show that over forty percent of Americans are disturbed at home or lose sleep because of noise pollution.
Noise has bad effects on people and the environment. Noise causes hearing loss, interferes (妨碍) with human activities at home and work, and is in various ways dangerous to people's health and well being.
When we think, talk, listen to music, or sleep, we need quiet. Even low levels of noise can be
annoying or frustrating. Sudden increases in volume can make sounds annoying. The quieter the background is, the more penetrating a noise can be.
Noise can also make instructions or warning unclear, resulting in accidents. Louder noise bursts can be more disruptive (破坏性).Continued stress can lead to high blood pressure, which is the major cause of some diseases.
Long exposure to noise levels above eight-five decibels (分贝) can damage inner cells and lead to hearing loss. Noise can result in the involuntary fear response and can cause adrenaline (肾上腺素) to be pumped into the bloodstream, the heart rate to quicken, muscles to tense, breathing to increase, and the digestive system to slow down.
Local government has the responsibility to fight noise pollution. For example, it can regulate the speed of trains through their community. On the other hand, a responsible citizen will never make noise pollution wherever he is.
【小题1】 How many kinds of environmental pollution are mentioned in the text?
| A．Two | B．Three | C．Four | D．Five |
| A．parties and meetings | B．zoos and theaters |
| C．schools and factories | D．vehicles and animals |
| A．High and exciting | B．Sharp and shocking |
| C．Loud and unpleasant | D．Clear and comfortable |
| A．individuals and government should work together to reduce noise pollution |
| B．the government should offer it's people better education on noise pollution |
| C．the government should be responsible for noise pollution |
| D．people who make noise pollution should be punished |
| A．hearing loss | B．speeding the digestive system |
| C．high blood pressure | D．accidents |