If the crust of the earth were not pretty solid, it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently . However, there are places in the rocks of the earth’s crust where it isn’t strongly hel 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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If the crust (外壳) of the earth were not pretty solid, it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently (频繁地). However, there are places in the rocks of the earth’s crust where it isn’t strongly held together ― where “faults” exist. Along the break, one rock might push against another with great force. The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!

The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Seven hundred people died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000. The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.

One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755. The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about 75,000 people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.

Two great earthquakes that caused damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.

59. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.

A. the damage caused by earthquakes

B. famous earthquakes in the world

C. where earthquakes happen

D. how earthquakes happen

60. The underlined word “vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “______”.

A. shaking B. force C. energy D. losing

61. Which of the following is the correct order of the years when the earthquakes happened?

①the San Francisco earthquake

②the earthquake in Lisbon

③the earthquake in Calabria and Sicily

④the earthquake in central Italy

⑤the earthquake in Gansu Province

⑥the Tokyo quake

A. ③④⑤⑥②① B. ②①③④⑤⑥

C. ⑤⑥②①③④ D. ①③④②⑤⑥

62. According to the passage, the earthquake that killed the most people happened in ______.

A. Portugal B. China C. Italy D. Japan

DABB

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　　A terrifying example of the sea's power saw about 200,000 people die in 12 different countries last week. The devastation (毁坏) was caused when a massive earthquake sent tsunamis (海啸) smashing into Indian Ocean coastlines.

　　Communities in Sri Lanka. Indonesia, Thailand, India, Malaysia and East Africa have been destroyed by the monster waves. Whole towns were imply swept aside by the power of the water. Cars, trains and buildings could not survive (幸免), let alone the people who stood in the way.

　　The earthquake measured 9.0 on the Richter scale (里氏震级) and occurred off the coast of Indonesia. It was recorded as the fifth strongest since 1900.

　　Scientists said the quake was as powerful as a million of the atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan during World War Ⅱ. “This may be the worst natural disaster in recent history because it is affecting so many heavily populated coastal areas," said Jan Egeland, a UN official.

　　Because such waves rarely happen in the Indian Ocean, there is no system in place to warn coastal communities they are about to be hit.

　　Tsunami is Japanese for “harbour wave.” They are usually caused by a sudden rise or fall of part of the Earth's crust (地壳) under the ocean. Tsunamis often happen in oceans and they are most common in the Pacific. Normally a tsunamis includes a series of waves.

　　Tsunamis can be very long-as much a, 100 kilometres-and be as far as one hour apart. They are able to cross entire oceans without losing much energy. One of the most striking facts about tsunamis is that an earthquake on one side of the Pacific Ocean can cause giant wave, and destruction on the other side.

　　When the ocean is deep, tsunamis can travel unnoticed at speeds of up to 800 kilometres per hour. They can cross the entire ocean in a day or less.

　　The wave may only be a few metres, high in the ocean but when it is near the shore and reaches shallow (浅) water, the wave builds up very quickly in height. Witnesses (目击者) in some areas of Indonesia reported seeing up to 10-metre high waves crash into the shore.

1．We can infer from the passage that fewer people would have died in the South Asian tsunami ________.

[　　]

A．if there had been warning system along the coast

B．if the earthquake had happened off the coast of Thailand

C．if the tsunami had happened in the day time

D．if the tsunami had happened in the deep ocean

2．What surprises people most about the tsunamis is that ________.

[　　]

A．it lasts a long time

B．it travels a long way

C．a tsunamis on one side of the ocean can cause destruction on the other side of the ocean

D．it builds up a high wave

3．Which of the following is NOT true of the South Asian tsunamis?

[　　]

A．It was caused by a serious earthquake off the coast of Indonesia.

B．It was caused by the strongest earthquake in the world.

C．People didn't expect such a strong tsunamis would hit them.

D．It may be the worst natural disaster in recent history.

4．Which of the following is the best title for this article?

[　　]

A．What Is the Tsunami?

B．South Asia Was Hit by the Strongest Earthquake.

C．Mother Nature Displays Anger.

D．A Terrible Disaster.

Every year there are hundreds of earthquakes in different parts of the world. In Sept.1923, Tokyo and Yokohama were both destroyed by an earthquake and the fires that followed it. They had to be completely rebuilt. One of the most serious earthquakes was in China’s Shanxi Province in 1556. It killed almost one million people.
We measure an earthquake’s strength on the Richter scale. The Richter scale was introduced in 1935 in Southern California in the USA. It measures earthquakes on a scale of one to ten. Any earthquake measuring five or more is usually serious.
The earth’s crust (地壳) is made up of layers of rock called plates. As these plates move, they sometimes crash against each other, causing the crust to quake. In cities such as Tokyo, where small quakes happen quite often, many modern buildings are designed to be flexible so when the earth moves, they move with it.
Earthquakes can also break up gas or oil pipes. This can cause fires to break out, which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.
Another effect of earthquakes is tsunamis (海啸). These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea. They can be many meters high and cause great damage to coastal towns and cities.
China, Japan, Russia and the USA have the highest occurrence (发生) of earthquakes in the world.

Knowing about （1）.__________
Two serious earthquakes in (2).__________	An earthquake and the following fire (3).__________ both Tokyo and Yokohama in Sept. 1923.
Two serious earthquakes in (2).__________	In 1556, a very serious earthquake (4)._________ in China’s Shanxi Province.
The way to (5)._________ an earthquake’s strength	People can measure an earthquake’s strength on the Richter scale of one to ten, (6)._________ in 1935 in the USA. If an earthquake measures five or more, it’s usually serious.
The (7)._______ of earthquakes	As the plates, which form the earth’s (8)._______, move, they sometimes crash against each other, causing the crust to quake.
Some (9)._____ of earthquakes	If earthquakes break up gas or oil pipes, (10)._______ will happen, which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.
Some (9)._____ of earthquakes	Tsunami is another effect of earthquakes.

We measure an earthquake’s strength on the Richter scale. The Richter scale was introduced in 1935 in Southern California in the USA. It measures earthquakes on a scale of one to ten. Any earthquake measuring five or more is usually serious.

The earth’s crust (地壳) is made up of layers of rock called plates. As these plates move, they sometimes crash against each other, causing the crust to quake. In cities such as Tokyo, where small quakes happen quite often, many modern buildings are designed to be flexible so when the earth moves, they move with it.

Earthquakes can also break up gas or oil pipes. This can cause fires to break out, which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.

Another effect of earthquakes is tsunamis (海啸). These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea. They can be many meters high and cause great damage to coastal towns and cities.

China, Japan, Russia and the USA have the highest occurrence (发生) of earthquakes in the world.

Knowing about （1）.__________
Two serious earthquakes in (2).__________	An earthquake and the following fire (3).__________ both Tokyo and Yokohama in Sept. 1923.
In 1556, a very serious earthquake (4)._________ in China’s Shanxi Province.
The way to (5)._________ an earthquake’s strength	People can measure an earthquake’s strength on the Richter scale of one to ten, (6)._________ in 1935 in the USA. If an earthquake measures five or more, it’s usually serious.
The (7)._______ of earthquakes	As the plates, which form the earth’s (8)._______, move, they sometimes crash against each other, causing the crust to quake.
Some (9)._____ of earthquakes	If earthquakes break up gas or oil pipes, (10)._______ will happen, which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.
Tsunami is another effect of earthquakes.

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请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

注意：每空一词。

It is an all too familiar story. A natural disaster strikes in a remote part of the world, causing destruction and suffering. Villages are flattened and people are forced into camps. It is now happening in China, after the earthquake of magnitude（里氏）8 that was centered on Wenchuan but shook the entire country.

Actually, in the past centuries, there were hundreds of thousands of earthquakes in different parts of the world. In Sept. 1923, Tokyo and Yokohama were both destroyed by an earthquake and the fires that followed it. They had to be completely rebuilt. One of the most serious earthquakes was in China’s Shanxi Province in 1556. It claimed almost one million people.

The earth’s crust (地壳) is made up of layers of rock called plates. As these plates move, they sometimes crash against each other, causing the crust to quake. In cities such as Tokyo, where small quakes happen quite often, many modern buildings are designed to be flexible so when the earth moves, they move with it.

Earthquakes can also break up gas or oil pipes. This can cause fires to break out, which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.

Another effect of the earthquakes is tsunamis (海啸). These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea. They can be many meters high and cause great damage to costal towns and cities.

China, Japan, Russia and the USA have the highest occurrence of earthquakes in the world.

Knowing about (1) _______	Two serious earthquakes in (2)________	An earthquake and the (3)__________ fires destroyed both Tokyo and Yokohama in Sept. 1923.
In 1556, a very serious earthquake (4) ___________ in China’s Shanxi Province, killing large numbers of people.
The (5)_________ to measure an earthquake’s strength	People can measure an earthquake’s strength on the Richter scale of one to ten, introduced in 1935 in the USA. If an earthquake (6)________ five or more, it is usually serious.
The (7)__________of earthquakes	As the plates, which (8)_______ the earth’s crust, move, they sometimes crash against each other, causing the crust to quake.
Some (9)_________of earthquakes	If earthquakes break up gas or oil pipes, (10)_______ will happen, which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.
Tsunamis.

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