You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.They're known as the black box.

When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.

In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device(装置) was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.

Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated ( 隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.

1.In Paragraph 1,the author wants to say the black box_________.

A. is an necessary device on an airplane

B. comes from a comic book

C. can prevent disasters

D. can control the function of an airplane

2.From the black box on the Yemeni airliner_________could be found.

A. the scene of the crash and the degree of the damage

B. the total number of passengers on board

C. data for analyzing the cause of the crash

D. homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash

3.Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?

A. New materials became available by that time.

B. The early models often got damaged in the crash.

C. Too much space was needed for its device.

D. The early models didn't provide the needed data.

4.The black boxes were painted orange or yellow to_________.

A. distinguish them from the colour of the plane.

B. warn people to handle them with care

C. make them easily identified.

D. obey the international standards.

5.What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?

A. There is still a good chance of their being recovered.

B. There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.

C. They have stopped sending homing signals.

D.They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.

Katharine Meyer Graham was once described as “the most powerful woman in America.? She was not a government official or elected representative. She owned and published The Washington Post. Under her leadership, it became one of the most important newspapers in the country.

Katharine Meyer was born in New York City in 1917. Her father was a successful investment banker and became an important financial official. Her family was very rich. Katharine grew up in large houses in New York and Washington. Her parents were often away from home, traveling and working, Katharine was often lonely. Katherine Meyer graduated from the University of Chicago in Illinois in 1938. In 1933, her father bought a failing newspaper, The Washington Post. It was the least successful one of five newspapers in Washington.

Katharine Graham returned to Washington and got a job editing letters to the editor of her father's newspaper. She married Philip Graham. He was a clerk for Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter but soon accepted a job at his wife's father's newspaper. Mr. Graham improved The Washington Post. He bought Newsweek and several television stations. He also established close ties with important political leaders. However, Mr. Graham treated his wife badly. He had an affair with a young reporter. For many years, Mr. Graham suffered from mental illness. He killed himself in 1963.

Katharine Graham had four children to raise and a newspaper to operate. At first, she was only concerned about finding a way to keep control of The Washington Post until her sons were old enough. She did not think she had the ability to do an important job. She had no training in business or experience in operating a large company. In those days, it was unusual for a woman to be the head of a business. Women were expected to look after their homes and children.

Katharine Graham met with officials of the Washington Post. She was elected president of the Washington Post Company. She had no idea about how to operate a newspaper. So she decided to learn. She began by hiring Benjamin C.Bradlee. He later became chief editor. Mr. Bradlee improved the newspaper. He hired excellent reporters and editors. They began doing important investigative reporting. In 1969, Mrs. Graham became publisher as well as president of the Washington Post Company. In the 1970s, the Washington Post became famous around the world because of two major successes.

1.Katharine Graham is considered powerful because____________.

A. she was born of a very rich family

B. she had the most important newspaper.

C. she was in charge of the The Washington Post

D. she gained much money from newspapers

2.We can infer from the second paragraph that Katharine Graham_____________.

A. was one of the top students at university

B. helped her father in purchasing the paper.

C. didn’t take interest in managing a bank.

D. lived a rich life when she was young.

3.After Katharine Graham got married___________.

A. her husband gave up his previous job.

B. she got a job editing letters for the editor

C. she made The Washington Post improved.

D. her husband wanted to be a political leader

4.Faced with the death of Mr. Graham________________.

A. the four children felt lonely and hopeless

B. Katharine Graham made up her mind to raise the kids.

C. Katharine Graham thought more about gaining experience.

D. Katharine Graham seemed to be trapped in the dark world.

5.What do you think of Benjamin C. Bradlee?

A. He was an expert when it comes to earning money

B. He brought The Washington Post back to life

C. He intended to buy The Washington Post.

D. He should have given more help to Katharine Graham.

下面文章中有 5个段落需要添加标题(第1~5题)。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出符合各段意思的小标题,并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。

A. Adjust Mental Attitudes.

B. Be willing to Communicate.

C. Pay Attention to Safety Issues.

D. Adapt to New Learning Methods.

E. Make and stick to Learning Plans.

F. Develop Self-motivation for Learning.

Tips for Chinese students studying Abroad.

As living conditions in China are getting better, parents who want their children to have a bright future invest large sums of money to send their children to study abroad. However, there are countless difficulties that students have to face and solve when they study abroad. Therefore, it is necessary for Chinese overseas students to be aware of certain things to which they must pay attention.

1._________ Safety issues before and after studying abroad have been one of the focuses of parents. However, all experts consider psychological preparation as the most important thing for students studying abroad to consider. They believe that students must have a clear picture of their position and know that they are going abroad to study and receive training and not for leisure. And they should not have the opinion that everything abroad is good and all things from China are bad. Students should prepare themselves for the differences.

2._________ Chinese students have got accustomed to the domestic exam-oriented education style that is completely different from the more open foreign education mode. They will face changes in the educational system while studying abroad. So students should learn about the differences between the domestic and foreign education styles and try to find more solutions to adjusting to the open education in order to be well prepared for their overseas studies both mentally and practically.

3.__________ Students should ask related teachers to help make plans consistent with their practical condition. There should be both macro and detailed learning plans. Macro learning plans require students to hold on to the primary direction of their overseas studies and detailed learning plans require them to arrange learning content for each course and semester(学期). After the plan is made, they should strictly keep to them. Otherwise, the plan will have no effect.

4._________ As Chinese students are not familiar with the place and people, and have to relatives by their sides, the first feeling they will feel is loneliness, which makes it especially important to learn to develop relationships with people around them. They may meet all kinds of fascinating people abroad. They should go out of their way to be friendly and strike up conversations. The most important thing is to pluck up enough courage to open your mouth and talk with others. Foreigners really like children of this kind and are willing to help them.

5.__________ Foreign children are used to learning by themselves in or after class, but Chinese children are used to teacher-centered education. Guided and supervised by parents and teachers, Chinese students don’t have much learning space. They may score high in exams, but they may lack independent learning skills and tend to be in a state of passive learning. So the most basic thing that children need to know is that studying abroad requires that they should adapt to overseas studies as soon as possible and try their best to learn actively and independently.

完形填空

If you are a modern art lover, you should be sure to drop by the Saatchi Gallery during your visit to London. The original gallery was by Charles Saatchi, a British art collector for founding the Saatchi and Saatchi advertising agency with his brother. It moved from its old in St. John’s Wood to its new home in County Hall near the Thames in the spring of 2003.

Anyone who has heard in the past of the often shocking but always inspiring works on at the Saatchi Gallery will not be when visiting the gallery’s new location. Along with the of new British artists, the gallery still the works of Damien Hirst, the Chapman brothers, and Tracy Emin in its permanent .

Of the artworks, one can see in the Saatchi Gallery, Hirst’s works are probably the most . Hirst’s work first made headlines in the early 1990s when he art from dead animals.

Along with Hirst, the Chapman brothers, Dinos and Jake, also a certain amount of their fame to the Saatchi Gallery. It was through Saatchi these two brothers came to public attention. At the gallery, visitors can see the brothers’vision of Hell, made from 30, 000 plastic toy soldiers.

Another artist featured at the gallery who has grabbed with her art is Tracy Emin. In 1998, Emin gave to argument when she sold her messy, unmade bed to Saatchi as a work of art My Bed at £150, 000.

Are any of these works really art? That is a question you will have to answer for when you visit the Saatchi Gallery. Charles Saatchi himself says, “I don’t have any ground rules for art. Sometimes you look and don’t feel very with it—but that doesn’t tell you very much. It doesn’t reveal much about the quality of the work.”

1.A.repaired B.opened C.built D.rented

2.A.keen B.suitable C.eager D.famous

3.A.location B.history C.city D.society

4.A.concerts B.reports C.rumors D.advice

5.A.store B.board C.display D.sale

6.A.addicted B.interested C.disappointed D.worried

7.A.business B.story C.exhibits D.tradition

8.A.produces B.publishes C.revises D.includes

9.A.collection B.station C.memory D.basement

10.A.ready-made B.well-known C.well-prepared D.easy-going

11.A.copied B.created C.invented D.discovered

12.A.devote B.suggest C.bring D.owe

13.A.when B.why C.that D.while

14.A.headlines B.position C.advantages D.occupations

15.A.way B.rise C.anxiety D.hope

16.A.adapted B.written C.referred D.titled

17.A.yourself B.it C.them D.one

18.A.praising B.judging C.appreciating D.studying

19.A.surprised B.confused C.comfortable D.acceptable

20.A.necessarily B.exactly C.completely D.likely

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