A cheap drug that can stop bleeding in people recently injured in an accident could potentially save the lives of tens of thousands worldwide, a new study says. Researchers studied the effects of tran 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

A cheap drug that can stop bleeding in people recently injured in an accident could potentially save the lives of tens of thousands worldwide, a new study says.

Researchers studied the effects of tranexamic acid （凝血酸）, or TXA, in more than 10,000 injured people in 40 countries who received the drug within 8 hours of being injured. The study was published in the medical journal Lancet. Doctors found that patients who got TXA had a 15percent lower chance of dying from hemorrhage than those who didn’t get it . They also had a 10 percent lower chance of dying from any other cause, including organ failure and a head injury. The study was paid for by the British government.

The drug is commonly used in wealthy countries during elective surgeries(外科手术) to stop bleeding , but isn’t used for accident victims. TXA is off-patent and made by many companies. It costs about $4.5 per gram, and a typical dose is two grams. It is usually given via an injection（注射） and would be relatively easy to introduce, even in poor countries, experts said.

Previous tests of the drug regarded its use in elective surgeries, such as heart operations, but this was the first study to test the drug on accident victims. Doctors were worried it might increase side effects such as blood clots （凝块）in the heart and lungs, strokes, or heart attacks. There was no evidence of that in the Lancet study, though the authors said it was possible they might have missed some of these incidents.

For people between 5 and 45, accidents are the second leading cause of death worldwide after AIDS, and about 600,000 injured patients bleed to death every year. Experts estimated that if TXA were readily available, between 70,000 and 100,000 lives a year could be saved. Though the drug wasn’t tested on children , experts said it would almost certainly work with them as well.

The underlined word” hemorrhage” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________

A. serious illness B. heart disease C. heavy bleeding D. lack of drug

What can we learn about TXA from the passage?

A. It can only be made in England B. It was only used in operations before

C. It is a patented drug D. It is mainly used in poor countries

Doctors were worried about using TXA because ________

A. a lot of patients died unexpectedly after using it

B. it has no treatment effect on patients

C. it can cause blood clots or stroke

D. they hadn’t used it on accident victims before

What do we know from the last paragraph?

A. It is a pity that TXA wasn’t widely used on injured patients before

B. Tests have proved that TXA can be used on children

C. People between 5 and 45 should be injected with TXA every year

D. Accidents are the first leading cause of death worldwide.

【小题1】C

【小题1】B

【小题1】D

【小题1】A

解析:

略

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When I was a child, I had an old neighbour named Dr. Gibbs. He didn’t look like any other doctor I’ve ever known. He never 11__ at us for playing in his yard. I remembered him as a kind and _12_ person

When Dr. Gibbs didn’t work, he planted trees. His house covered an area of ten acres, and his life’s goal was to make it _ 13_ .

He had some interesting _ 14 _ concerning planting. He belonged to the “No pains, no gains” __15 of plant growing. He never watered his new trees. Once I asked _16__, he said, “Watering plants will spoil them, and if you water them, each successive tree_ 17_ will grow weaker and weaker. So you have to make things 18__for them and weed out the weak ones.” So he never watered his trees. He would _19__a pine, and instead of _20__it every morning, he beat it with a rolled-up newspaper. I __21__ him why he did so, and he said it was to get the tree’s _22__.

I planted a couple of trees a few _23__ ago. I carried water to them for a solid summer, sprayed them and prayed over them. Two years of careful tending has _24__ in trees that expect to be _25__ to hand and foot. Whenever a cold wind blows in, they tremble their branches.

Dr. Gibbs passed away a _26__of years after I left home. Now and then, I walked by his house and looked at the trees. They’re _27__ now, big and healthy.

Funny things about Dr. Gibbs’ trees. Hardship and difficulty seemed to benefit them _28__

comfort and ease never could.

Life is tough, whether we want 29_ to be or not. Too many times we pray for ease, but that’s a prayer seldom met. What we need to do is to pray for 30_ that reach deep into the earth, so when the rains fall and the winds blow, we won’t be swept away.

1.A. shouted B. shot C. aimed D. pointed

2. A. cruel B. greedy C. pleasant D. disciplined

3.A. museum B. park C. playground D. forest

4. A. features B. theories C. characters D. instructions

5.A. class B. college C. school D. university

6.A. what B. when C. how D. why

7. A. image B. product C. generation D. species

8.A. cheap B. easy C. expensive D. rough

9. A. paint B. plant C. uproot D. establish

10.A. starving B. beating C. watering D. feeding

11.A. asked B. told C. informed D. demanded

12.A. approval B. attention C. pain D. communication

13. A. weeks B. months C. years D. days

14.A. resulted B. produced C. believed D. spent

15.A. treated B. tended C. supported D. attended

16.A. number B. couple C. row D. period

17.A. trembling B. dying C. strong D. intelligent

18.A. while B. though C. as D. and

19. A. them B. that C. it D. this

20.A. trunks B. roots C. branches D. Leaves

The World Health Organization says obesity rates are rising in Pacific island countries. So, too, are health problems linked to being overweight.

The WHO says a major reason for the rising obesity rates is an increase in imported foods. It says many Pacific islanders have replaced their traditional diets of vegetables and fruits with imported processed foods.

Dr.Temu Waqanivalu is with the World Health Organization’s South Pacific office in Suva, Fiji.He says many of the imported products lack nutritional value.

Temu Waqanivalu said: “In some of the places, you’d be amazed to see how a bottle of Coke is cheaper than a bottle of water. I think that represents the kind of offenvironment we’ve created that doesn’t really encourage or make lifestyle choices an easy choice for the population.”

And a lack of physical activity among many Pacific islanders only adds to the obesity problem.

The WHO says more than 50 percent of the population is overweight in at least ten Pacific island countries. The rate is as high as 80 percent among women in the territory（领地）of American Samoa. Fiji had the lowest obesity rate at 30 percent.

In all, almost ten million people live in Pacific island countries. The WHO estimates that about 40 percent of them have health disorders related to diet and nutrition.

Diabetes（糖尿病）rates are among the highest in the world. Forty-seven percent of the people in American Samoa have diabetes. So do 44 percent of the people in Tokelau, a territory of New Zealand.

By comparison, the diabetes rate is 13 percent in the United States, a country that has its own problems with rising obesity.

Officials also note an increase in nutritional problems like anemia and not enough vitamin A in the diets of Pacific islanders. Dr. Waqanivalu says treating conditions related to obesity and diet puts pressure on limited health resources and budgets.

1.The main reason why obesity rates are rising in many Pacific islanders is ________.

A. the change of society

B. the change of eating habits

C. the change of life style

D. lack of exercise

2.Imported products lack nutritional value but people love to buy them because they are ________.

A. cheap B. popular C. tasty D. convenient to get

3.How many people living in Pacific island countries have health disorders?

A. 1 million. B. 4 million. C. 6 million. D. 10 million.

4.The percentage of diabetes rates in American Samoa is ________.

A. optimistic B. steady C. worrying D. low

Ⅲ 阅读（共两节，满分40分）

.第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

Today I’ll be talking about the invention of the camera and photography. The camera is often thought to be a modern invention, but as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered that light darkens silver salt. Used as a camera, a big box was set up, and a small hole was cut in one side to let the light in; he made temporary pictures on the salt. Silver salt is still the base of the photographic film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal which was covered with silver salt. A photograph he made in 1826 still exists.

The painter De Gear improved the process by covering the metal also with placing the common salt which we can eat. This was in 1839, the official date of beginning of photographs. But the problem was the printing of the photographs. And it wasn’t until other scientists developed the kind of photographic paper we now use that good prints were possible and photography became truly modern. In the 1870’s, Matthew Bradey was able to take his famous pictures in American Civil War. In the 20’s of this century, Georges Mann of the United States simplified film developing (冲洗), and Dr Edward Lane invented the so—called ‘Instant Camera’ which uses self—developing film. If we say photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it took more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement(密度).

1. What discovery was the basis of photography?

A. Light darkens silver salt. B. Light darkens natural salt.

C. Light darkens silver. D. Light darkens self--developing film

2. How was the first permanent picture made?

A. By making use of special paper. B. By adding common salt to silver salt.

C. By giving a slight colour to the silver salt. D. By using a special piece of metal.

3. What does the speaker regard as the official date of beginning of photography?

A. 1727 B. 1826 C. 1839 D. 1870

4. According to the speaker why is Matthew Bradey remembered today?

A. He was a soldier. B. He took war photographs.

C. He painted portraits. D. He designed a portable camera.

5. What did Doctor Edward Lane invent?