题目内容

Happiness is associated with smiling. But do we always smile when we are happy?

During the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, Spanish researchers analyzed the facial expressions of 22 gold medal winners at the medal ceremonies. The researchers were surprised to see that these medal winners didn't smile very much. In fact, throughout the different medal ceremonies, they only smiled about 10% of the time. But during the brief moment when the gold medal was put around their neck, the medal winners grinned (露齿笑) about 70% of the time.   

The researchers interviewed the winners they had watched to find out how they felt. All the winners interviewed said that they felt intensely(强烈的）happy throughout the ceremony.   

Though they were profoundly（衷心地）happy, they didn't smile a great deal. The researchers concluded that smiling was not the automatic expression of happiness. The fact that the gold medal winners smiled much more when they were actually being given their medals could be explained because, according to the Spanish researchers, smiling was a form of communication between individuals. The happy athletes were smiling at the people who were giving them gold medals. Perhaps we can support the findings of the Spanish researchers by making some observations of our own behaviors. When we are all alone, for example, do we smile at ourselves when we are happy? Probably not very often. If someone greets us with a friendly smile, do we respond with a smile? Yes, we probably do. When a friend gives us a beautiful present, will we show our appreciation with a smile? Yes, of course. But if we are sitting alone watching television, do we smile at a commentator (讲解员) who smiles at us?

How much of the time did the gold medal winners smile during the medal ceremonies?

      A. 10%.   B. 70%.   C. 22%.   D. 92%.

According to the passage, when did the athletes smile quite a lot?

      A. Throughout the medal ceremony.             

B. When they were informed of their success.

      C. When the gold medal was put around their neck. 

D. When their national flag was raised.

According to the passage, on which of the following occasions would we most probably NOT smile?

A. When we are sitting alone watching TV.   

B. When someone greets us with a friendly smile.

C. When a friend gives us a beautiful present. 

D. When we feel intensely happy.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The gold medal winners were too nervous that they would hardly smile at the medal ceremonies.

B. People will always smile automatically when they feel happy.

C. Smiling is a way of communication.

D. When the gold medal was put around their neck, the gold medal winners were smiling at the audience but not at those who gave the medal.

【小题1】Ａ

【小题2】Ｃ

【小题3】Ａ

【小题4】Ｃ


解析:

略

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    It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of clear similarities in the way different animals show the same feeling. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because such behavior patterns are inherited (遗传) rather than learned.
　　Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and begin to tremble (颤抖)”suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, “he opened his eyes wide” is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like “they stretched out（伸出）their tongues”! Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting（侮辱）or expresses disgust.
　　Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people’s faces. Disgust, contempt (蔑视) and suffering seem to be the most difficult emotions for people everywhere either to recognize or to express. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do. And psychologists (心理学家) such as E.G. Beier have also shown that some people often give the completely impression of how they feel. For example, they try to show love but in fact communicate dislike. Or when they want to show interest, they give the impression that they don’t care. This can happen even among close friends and members of the same family. In other words, what we think we are communicating through language, voice, face and body movements may be the exact opposite of what for people understand.
71．According to the passage, even in different cultures the most easily recognized emotion is    .
A．anger       B．dislike      C．happiness  D．surprise
72．Experiments show that easier understanding of words and gestures has something to do with your           .
A．age and sex             B．love and cultural differences
C．impressions about the speaker D．emotional state
73．When we communicate with people,        .
A．we know exactly what they mean while they express their emotions
B．we sometimes misunderstand each other
C．we usually mislead them by expressing the opposite of our feeling
D．it seems much mere difficult to understand body language than language
74．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．When we communicate our real emotions, we many cause misunderstanding to others.
B．Different people in different cultures may have different ways to understand one gesture.
C．Some people are likely to hide their real feelings and express them in the opposite way.
D．What we say does always mean the same thing as the gestures we make.
75．The underlined word “disgust” in Paragraph 2 probably means “     ” in this passage.
A．strong dislike   B．friendliness      C．love  D．sickness

Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, he dreams of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.
The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.
The first and most basic level of wants is food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as cars and new houses.
By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels mean physical satisfaction—the feeding, comfort, safety and transportation of the human body—this level means mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.
On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumers spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?
A fifth level probably would be wants that can be achieved by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes and crime. After filling our stomachs, our garages, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health and safety to enjoy more fully the good things on the first three levels.
【小题1】According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when _______

A．he has saved up enough money
B．he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter
C．he has satisfied his hunger
D．he has learned to build houses
【小题2】It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II most Americans ______
A．were very rich
B．were very poor
C．Had the good things on the first three levels
D．didn’t own cars
【小题3】Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction”?
A．A successful careerB．A comfortable house
C．A good serviceD．A family car
【小题4】The author thinks that a fifth level______
A．would be a little better than the fourth level
B．may be a lot more desirable than the first four
C．can be the last and most satisfying level
D．will come true if the government takes actions

Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had. We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding.
When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my wedding (婚礼) and Linda’s. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address (地址) Unknown. ” I had no idea how to find Linda.
Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share (分享) happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.
One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda’s married name. “There must be thousands of  Wagmans,” I thought, but J still wrote to her.
She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs Tobin!” she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother. ”
Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each other’s lives. Now the empty place in my heart is filled. And there’s one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!
【小题1】The writer went to piano lessons with Linda Evans _______.

A．at the age of 13
B．before she got married
C．after they moved to new homes
D．before the writer’s family moved away
【小题2】They didn’t often write to each other because they _______.
A．got married
B．had little time to do so
C．didn’t like writing letters
D．could see each other on special time
【小题3】There was an empty place in the writer’s heart be­cause she _______.
A．was in trouble
B．didn’t know Linda’s address
C．received the card that she sent
D．didn’t have a friend like Linda to share her happi­ness or sadness
【小题4】They haven’t kept in touch _______.
A．for about 40 years
B．for about 27 years
C．since they got married
D．since the writer’s family moved away


第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题, 满分40分)
The 4th of July is the most important holiday in the United States, for it reminds us of the famous day in 1776. When the Americans declared their independence, congress made the declaration in Philadelphia, and that night in the city there were joyful celebrations which soon became nationwide. Even since, the 4th of July has been marked in the American calendar as Independence Day, and there are parades and festivities of all kinds.
The Declaration of Independence drawn up by Thomas Jefferson is one of the most important documents ever published, and it dropped like a bombshell（意外事件） on the western world. Here is a sentence which shook the ruling classes of Europe, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed ( 赋予)by their Creator with certain unalienable(不可剥夺的) rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”
1. When did the Americans declare their independence?
A. The fourth of July, 1776..        B. The fourth of June, 1794.
C. The first of July, 1767.          D. The first of June, 1756
2. By whom was The Declaration of Independence drawn up?
A. George Washington.          B. Benjamin Franklin.
C. Thomas Jefferson            D. Abraham Lincoln.
3. Which of the following most generally summarizes the Declaration of Independence?
A. Equality.                 B. Liberty   
C. The pursuit of happiness.    D. All of the above.


C
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever getting real happiness．If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness．But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness is connected with some pain．
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts（尝试）that are the source of true happiness They fear the pain brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment（承担的义务），self-improvement．
Ask a bachelor（单身汉）why he refuses marriages even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying, if he’s honest he will tell you afraid of making a commitment．For commitment is in fact painful．The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement．Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most unusual features．
Couples with baby children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation．I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children．But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild．
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has noting to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations．It liberates（解放）time; now we can devote more hours to activities that can increase our happiness．It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless．And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all．
48．Raising children, in the author’s opinion, is________．
A．a duty we should have to perform      B．a thankless job
C．a source of pain that can’t be avoided    D．a rewarding task
49．To understand what true happiness is one must________．
A．have as much fun as possible during ones lifetime
       B．make every effort to free oneself from pain
C．put up with pain in all conditions
D．be able to tell happiness from fun
50．What is the writer trying to tell us?
A．One must know how to get happiness
B．Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain
C．It is important to make commitments
D．Pain usually leads to happiness

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