题目内容

Once this kind of cellphone is ______, I will try to get one for you.
[     ]
A. available
B. accessible
C. approachable
D. acceptable
A
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It is no doubt that once ____ this city, you’ll find that there is so much surprise waiting for you to discover.

A. visit        B. visiting C. visited    D. to visit

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.
The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.
The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War Ⅱ, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.
By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared; the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the need in comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.
On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?
A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.
【小题1】 According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when       .

A．he has saved up enough money
B．he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter
C．he has satisfied his hunger
D．he has learned to build houses
【小题2】 It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ, most Americans        .
A．were very rich
B．lived in poverty
C．had the good things on the first three levels
D．did not own automobiles
【小题3】 Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction” ?
A．A successful career.B．A comfortable home.
C．A good meal.D．A family car.
【小题4】 What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?
A．The more goods the better.
B．The more mental satisfaction the better.
C．The more “luxury” items the better.
D．The more earnings the better.

七选五(每小题2分, 满分10分) 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1   When a starving man gets a meal,  he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive（业务主管）gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs dance into view. The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels.    2 .The first and most basic levels of wants involve food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans.    3   It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction－the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body－this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury”(奢侈) items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care, and entertainment.  4     On this level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level? A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice.   5  In this way, we can enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

A．Then a third level appeared.
B．Human wants seem endless.
C．When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.
D．There are several levels of wants in one’s life.
E．At this stage, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure.
F．Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.
G．Different people have different wants on each level.

Below is a selection from a popular science book.

If blood is red, why are veins (静脉) blue?

Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.

Which works harder, your heart or your brain?

That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.

Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?

Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they are gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.

Do old people shrink as they age?

Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity (重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.

Why does spinning make you dizzy (眩晕的)?

Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not!

Where do feelings and emotions come from?

Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals （哺乳动物）have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.

If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?

Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy; it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.

1.What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?

A. Blue      B. Light yellow

C. Red        D. Dark reddish purple

2.Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?

A. Because their spine is in active use.

B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.

C. Because they keep growing backwards.

D. Because their spine becomes more bent.

3.Which of the following statements about our brain is true?

A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart

B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.

C. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.

D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.

 

Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.

Once this was done, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had no choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.

1.In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?

A．Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.

B．The increased exploitation (剥削)of workers in the 19th century.

C．The increased use of machines to make products in less time.

D．The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.

2.The underlined word “this ”in the second paragraph refers to the change that ______

A．each nail could be taken the place of by every other nail

B．each nail was exactly like every other nail

C．producing tasks became smaller and smaller

D．goods could be mass produced

3.According to the writer, highly skilled workers ______

A．completely disappeared with the coming of the factory system

B．were dismissed(解散) by the boss

C．were unable to produce goods of high standard

D．were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines

4.According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?

A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.

B. They stuck to their farm work.

C. They refused to use machines.

D They did their best to learn how to use the machines.

 

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