第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分, 满分40分)

       阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

       Making greener choices and encouraging healthy lifestyles can promote your health and benefit the environment.Here are some guidelines to follow:

Choose foods thoughtfully

       Americans have never had such a variety or abundance of food to choose from.Besides so many choices, we now hear about our “food print”, the amount of land needed to supply one person’s nutritional needs for a year.Do we buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico or tomatoes grown locally in a hothouse? Do we get the Granny Smiths from the farmers’ market or the supermarket? Is organic produce healthier for us and the planet?

       These are very complex issues that require analysis of many criteria, including the energy used in producing and transporting the food, as well as the type of soil and methods of raising the food.

       Despite the complexities, there are some general guidelines you can follow.For instance, eat less meat or eat low on the food chain.Your doctor may have recommended you to restrict your consumption of red meat because of its too much fat content.Beyond that, there are environmental reasons, too.Raising food animals contributes substantially to climate change because a meat-based diet requires more land, energy and water than a plant-based one.

       Drinking plenty of fluids is significant during hot weather or when exercising.But is bottled water the way to go? You may not think so when seeing the true costs.Based on a survey, manufacturing the 30-plus billion plastic water bottles can produce more than 2.5 million tons of carbon dioxide and use three times the amount of water in the bottle.Adding in transportation, the energy used comes to over 50 million barrels of oil equivalent (等价物).Consequently, skip the bottled water and drink tap water, both at home and at restaurants.Additionally, bottled water is not necessarily cleaner than tap.

1.In Paragraph 2 the author puts forward three questions mainly ______.

       A.to prove Americans have less food to choose from

       B.to show us the shopping habits of most Americans

       C.to indicate Americans tend to buy food from abroad

       D.to remind people to reconsider their food purchase

2.The doctor recommends eating less red meat partly because ______.

       A.it contains too much fat  

       B.it costs a lot in transportation

       C.it is too low on the food chain 

       D.it isn’t related to climate change

3.According to the text, which of the following is true?

       A.Americans all prefer to buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico.

       B.The plant-based diet is responsible for the climate change.

       C.Americans have a variety of food to choose from.

       D.Organic produce is the only choice for Americans.

4.Based on the last paragraph, we know that ______.

       A.bottled water is cleaner than tap water

       B.tap water is economical as well as eco-friendly

       C.bottled water is more available than tap water

       D.tap water uses one-third the cost of bottled water

5.What is the best subtitle for the last paragraph?

       A.Skip bottled water, carry tap        B.Drink bottled water

       C.Produce plastic water bottles        D.Save water resources

Disposing (处理) of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As more and more people choose to live close together in cities, the waste disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult.

    During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump site. People would transport household rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site. Periodically some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by. Factories, mills, and

other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water. Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem.

Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps(垃圾场), which are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose. A long distance dump has been a common practice, but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is nonexistent. Awareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a price people

can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste, however, continues to grow.

Recycling efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part. Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city’s reusable waste.

1. The most suitable title for this passage would be ______.

   A. Places for Disposing of Waste         B. Waste Pollution Dangers

   C. Ways of Getting Rid of Waste         D. Waste Disposal Problem

2. During the 18th century, people disposed of waste in many ways except for ______.

   A. burying it    B. recycling it    C. burning it    D. throwing it into rivers

3. What can be inferred from the third paragraph?

   A. Farm areas will continue accepting waste from the city in modern society.

   B. There is cheap land to bury waste in modern society.

   C. It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modern society.

   D. Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same.

4. The main purpose of writing this article is to ______.

   A. draw people’s attention to waste management

   B. warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing

   C. call on people to take part in recycling programs

   D. tell people a better way to get rid of the waste

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