题目内容

Learning style theory suggests that different people have different ways of obtaining information and use various methods to demonstrate（证明）their intelligence and ability. Although experts have many ideas and categories of learning, it is evident that people learn in three basic styles.

When learning something new, if you prefer to read the information, you are probably a student who learns through seeing. These learners like to see teacher’s facial expressions and body language clearly and rend to sit at the front of the classroom. They take detailed notes, think in pictures and can most easily absorb information from textbooks with diagrams, graphs, photographs and drawings.

Students who find it easiest to learn a new concept by hearing a teacher explain it are learning through listening. Reading aloud, using a tape recorder, hearing anecdotes（趣闻）and talking things through are the best methods for these learners to acquire new information. They give close attention to both the content of the discussion and the way that things are said, such as how the sound of the voice and speed of speech show the mood of the speaker.

Learning through doing means being active in exploring the environment and finding out about things by moving and touching. Students who have this learning style take a hands-on approach to education and enjoy experiments or surveys. They do not like to sit still for long periods of time and sometimes find it hard to concentrate when reading or listening.

Teachers study people’s various ways of learning as part of their training. They select a variety of activities to suit their students’ different learning styles. However, restrictions of time, space and resources often make it impossible for teachers to provide the best exercises for all learners. If you are aware of you own learning style, there is a lot you can do personally to improve your study skills and find the most appropriate ways to approach your study tasks. As a result, you will be able to manage your own learning and study more effectively.

         

Features of students’ learning

Learning through seeing

*watch a teacher’s facial expressions and body language

*sit     the platform

*take detailed notes

*think in pictures

        

*enjoy reading aloud

*prefer to listen to recorded materials

*fond of hearing something and       

*pay special attention to the content of the discussion

*focus on people’s        

Learning through doing

*           and know better about things by moving and touching.

*know the world          

*carry out experiments or surveys

*dislike sitting still for long

*           concentrating when reading or listening

             

*A teacher           all his students with a certain teaching method

*A student should improve his learning skills to learn more effectively.

【小题1】Basic learning styles

【小题1】close

【小题1】Learning through listening

【小题1】talking things through

【小题1】ways of talking

【小题1】explore the environment

【小题1】through personal experience

【小题1】having difficulty/trouble in

【小题1】Conclusions

【小题1】can hardly satisfy


解析:

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　　Frederic Mishkin, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas．Whether he's standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing．When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor's office．

　　It turns out, however, that Mishkin's professor had it exactly wrong．Gesture doesn't prevent but promotes clear thought and speech．Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that's absent from our words．It's learning's secret code：Gesture reveals what we know．It reveals what we don't know．What's more, the agreement(or lack of agreement)between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn．

　　Manyof the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago．"We change our minds by moving our hands," writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work．Particularly significant are what she calls "mismatches" between oral expression and physical gestures．A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct．Such differences indicate that we're moving from one level of understanding to another．The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we're working on; we can't yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement．

　　Goldin-Meadow's more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness to learn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about．It does so in two ways．First, it elicits(引出)helpful behavior from others around us．Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children's speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction．Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques．The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts．A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra(代数)were nearly three times more likely to remember what they'd learned than classmates who did not gesture．

(1)

According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because ________．

[　　]

A．

he could litter express his ideas that way

B．

he always pointed his finger at his professor

C．

his professor did not like his gesturing

D．

his gestures prevented his professor from thinking

(2)

How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge?

[　　]

A．

It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed．

B．

It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking．

C．

It provides significant clues for solving academic problems．

D．

It reduces students' reliance on teachers' instruction．

(3)

What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches?

[　　]

A．

They can stimulate our creativity．

B．

Instructors should make full use of them．

C．

Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them．

D．

They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems．

(4)

What could be the best title of the passage?

[　　]

A．

Hand Motions, a Second Language

B．

Gesturing：Signal of Understanding

C．

New Uses of Gesturing

D．

The Secret Code of Learning


I. Associate Product Manager -- New Grad-- Beijing
Responsibilities include working with engineers to define products, understanding user needs, researching markets and competitors, and planning future product directions. As you gain more experience, there’s an opportunity for promotion within the organization.
Requirements:
☆Bachelors degree and more than one year of job experience.
☆Strong organizational and analytical skills.
II. Director of Education -- Sylvan Learning Centers -- Long Beach, California
Job description:
As a successful director of education, your primary responsibility will be to champion the Sylvan developed course, ensure the quality of the education standards and teachings staff as well as grow the business in your center.
We require:
☆Bachelors degree and at least 2 years of teaching experience.
☆Managerial experience.
III. Area Export Manager -- Beijing Import＆Export Corporation -- Beijing
Highly developing company is looking for bright, experienced salesperson who will be responsible for the export of frozen seafood and other goods between China and the USA, Australia, and Canada.
Qualifications：
☆Excellent level of English，spoken and written.
☆Excellent communication and organizational skills.
☆Experienced salesperson with proven results in fast-moving consumer goods essential，preferable in frozen seafood market.
IV. Subeditor---Media Contacts----London
Working in the amazing world of law and enforcement（执法）, you will be making sure that you are meeting the exceptionally high standards of copy for this company. As part of a team of six, you will be meeting tight deadlines on a daily basis and ensuring regular flow of articles onto the website. Must have a keen eye for detail and confidence in working with challenging copy. Experience in subediting, and a practical knowledge of publishing law are required.
V. Casual trainer---Medilife --- Sydney，NSW Australia
Medilife requires able, reliable trainers who can demonstrate the qualities of flexibility and loyalty and join their young, fun-living team. Successful applicants will receive excellent hourly rates. Suitable training provided to the right applicant．
1. Which of the following are specially required to most of the positions in the ads？
A. Experience and responsibilities        B. Experience and good English.
C. Special skills and English                        D. Responsibilities and bachelor’s degree
2. The positions are offered in _____ different countries.
A. three                B. four               C. five               D. six
3. Which position is possible for a fresh university graduate to apply to？
A. Education director  B. Associate product manager C. Casual trainer D. Export manager.
4. From Passage IV we can infer that a subeditor’s work is to _____.
A. write articles for website                B. copy information from the Internet
C. enforce publishing laws                 D. examine other people’s writing

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition(学会) of each new skill---the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is usual that parents hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, and a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, other are severe over time of coming home at night or punctuality (准时) for meals. In general, the controls imposed (强加的) represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parent teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is not foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
【小题1】 Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills ________.

A．should be avoided
B．is universal among parents
C．sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D．will make him lose interest in learning new things
【小题2】When children are learning new skills, parents should _________.
A．encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B．not expect too much of them
C．achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
D．create as many learning opportunities as possible
【小题3】The second paragraph mainly tells us_________.
A．parents should be strict with their children
B．parents controls satisfy only the needs of the parents and the values of the community
C．parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone
D．parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation
【小题4】In moral matters, parents should _________.
A．observe the rules themselves
B．be aware of the marked difference between adults and children
C．forbid things which have no foundation in morality
D．satisfy their children’s needs

Fred: You are listening to "students' corner" and I am your h_______ Fred. Today we are going to talk about the  English reform of NMET. Hello, Mike, you are on the a______.

Mike: Hello, Fred, I'm having a hard time p_______ for my final exams. What can I do to study better.

Fred: Well, there's really no secret, first of all, you have to make sure that you have enough v_________ and know how to use them freely.

Mike: What do you mean? I study hard, I recite the words and phrases over and over again. But I still can't remember e__________.

Fred; Er ,first, I think the most important thing is that you'd better write them down on your papers while you are reciting them, which can help you to c___________ .Second, you should make it clear  the differences and s___________ between words .A_________ from learning enough words, you also need to learn other  learning s_______ and strategies. More i_____________, deal with each part with exact time, for time is precious in the exam.

Mike: Got it, thank you.

阅读理解。
     Frederic Mishkin, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good
at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he's standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a
casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of
his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his
hands whenever he visited the professor's office.
     It turns out, however, that Mishkin's professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn't prevent but
promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that's absent from our words. It's
learning's secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don't know. What's more, the
agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to
our readiness to learn.
     Many of the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan
Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. "We change our minds by
moving our hands," writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she
calls "mismatches" between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball
falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which
is correct. Such differences indicate that we're moving from one level of understanding to another. The
thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem
we're working on; we can't yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in
movement.
     Goldin-Meadow's more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness to learn, but
that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits (引出) helpful behavior
from others around us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children's speech-gesture
mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that
children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques.
The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and
aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor
of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while
learning algebra (代数) were nearly three times more likely to remember what they'd learned than
classmates who did not gesture.
1. According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because ____.  
A. he could litter express his ideas that way
B. he always pointed his finger at his professor
C. his professor did not like his gesturing
D. his gestures prevented his professor from thinking
2.  How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge? 
A. It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed.
B. It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking.
C. It provides significant clues for solving academic problems.
D. It reduces students' reliance on teachers' instruction.
3. What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches?   
A. They can stimulate our creativity.
B. Instructors should make full use of them.
C. Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them.
D. They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems.
4. What could be the best title of the passage?
A. Hand Motions, a Second Language      
B. Gesturing: Signal of Understanding
C. New Uses of Gesturing                    
D. The Secret Code of Learning

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