The spread of Western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and for the environment. Those findings come from a new report in the journal Nature.

David Tilman is a professor at the University of Minnesota. In the study, he examined information from 100 nations to show what people ate and how diet affected health. Mr. Tilman noted a movement beginning in the 1960s. He found that as nations industrialized(工业化), population increased and earnings rose. More people began to adopt what has been called the Western diet. The Western diet is high in sugar, fat, oil and meat. By eating these foods, people began to get fatter and sicker.

“The food, let us say, in the 15 richest nations of the world, right now contains about 400 or 500 extra calories(热量) a day that are eaten beyond what people need, and that leads people to gain weight.”

David Tillman says overweight people are at greater risk for diseases like diabetes, heart disease and some cancers. Diabetes is shooting to very high rates in the United States and across Europe. Heart disease is a major cause of death in the Western nations. Unfortunately when people become industrialized, if they adopt this Western diet, they are going to have these same health problems.

A diet bad for human beings, it seems, is also bad for the environment. As the world’s population grows, experts say more forests and areas will become farmland for crops or grasslands for raising cattle. These areas will be needed to meet the increasing demand for food.

Mr. Tilman calls the link between diet, the environment and human health, “a dilemma”, a situation where it is very difficult to decide what to do. He says one possible solution is leaving the Western diet behind.

1.Why did people get fatter in the 1960s?

A. They ate foods high in calories.

B. They adopted a western lifestyle.

C. They set aside little time for exercise.

D. They had a better life and became lazier.

2.According to the text, overweight people may suffer the following diseases EXCEPT_______.

A. diabetes B. skin disease

C. cancers D. heart disease

3.What can we infer from Paragraph 5?

A. There will be fewer and fewer forests.

B. People won’t care about the environment.

C. The world’s population will grow faster than ever.

D. Raising cattle will be the most moneymaking business.

4.What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?

A. To tell people effective ways to keep healthy.

B. To call on people to give up the Western diet.

C. To show the problems industrialized nations are facing.

D. To draw people’s attention to environmental protection.

I have never forgotten the firm belief I had in the arrival through the chimney (烟囱) of the little Santa Claus (圣诞老人), the kind, white-bearded old man who at midnight left in my tiny shoe a present I found the next morning.

Midnight! It’s the perfect hour children don’t know. What great efforts I made not to go to sleep before the little old man appeared!

I had both a great desire and great fear of seeing him, but could never stay awake until then, and the next day my first look was for my shoe. He never failed to carefully wrap (包装) every present for me. I would run barefoot to get my treasure. It never was a very expensive present, for we were not rich. It was a cookie, an orange, or very simply a fine red apple. But it felt so precious that I barely dared to eat it. What a great role imagination plays in a child’s life!

I do not at all agree with the idea that the lies about Santa Claus should be stopped. Doubts and truth come all too soon on their own. I very well remember the first year, when I was five or six, I doubted that it was not Santa Claus who put the cookie in my shoe. Since then, it has never tasted as good as the first few years of my life.

I noted that my son believed in him longer; boys are more na?ve (天真的) than little girls. Like me, he made great efforts to stay awake until midnight. Like me, he loved the cookie baked in Heaven’s kitchens. And like me, the first year of his doubts was the last year of the visit of the good old man.

1.As a little girl, the author loved the gifts on Christmas Day because ________.

A. they usually cost a lot of money

B. she always got the very gifts she asked for

C. they were beautifully wrapped

D. she believed they were from Santa Claus

2.According to the article, what role does imagination play in a child’s life?

A. It adds value to the common Christmas gifts.

B. It makes a child curious about everything.

C. It encourages him to climb the chimney.

D. It makes him doubt whether Santa Claus really exists.

3.By saying “Doubts and truth come all too soon on their own” in Paragraph 4, the author feels ________.

A. unsatisfied with being cheated

B. sorry for realizing that Santa Claus doesn’t exist

C. happy at finding out the facts of Santa Claus

D. angry about parents’ lying to children about Santa Claus

Wow,ladies! That is all I can say, I write this article with mixed emotions. Having Aiko the female robot around the house to help out could be either a blessing or a nightmare. If you are a working mother like me, then the idea of having a helping hand around would be a good thing. We working mothers dream about going home to find dinner on the table, a clean house and everything ready for the next day,that would be the perfect world.

Yet as always we women worry about being replaced,me included. Aiko has been created with special sensors (感应器) underneath her immediate“skin”cover. I believe her creator, Le Trung,has other motives(动机). Of course, he says it's not true. She doesn't complain, argue or talk back. She can carry on a conversation and help you with your math homework. She can tell you the weather outside and can speak in English and Japanese. She doesn't require any sleep nor does she complain about a headache or being tired. She can serve tea and give back massages. I'm sure some men out there would view her as the perfect woman or even“superwoman”. So with good reason I say having Aiko around could prove to be bad. As a woman and a wife,I worry about being replaced or even being compared to Aiko. How can you compete with someone or something so perfect like that?

Scientists have been trying to invent robots for a long time. There are many movies and books out there about robots. It looks like those crazy scientists are closer than we thought. Ladies, I think we are fighting a losing battle. So instead of trying to fight it,I guess we have no choice but to join them. Now where is my male robot? Hmm...I want him to look exactly like my Ken Barbie doll. Okay?

1.Le Trung created Aiko mainly to ________.

A. keep people company

B. teach people foreign languages

C. help children with their homework

D. help working mothers do housework

2.What can we learn about Aiko from the second paragraph?

A. She is poorly designed.

B. She is perfectly made.

C. She works better than expectations.

D. She is especially made for housewives.

3.Why does the author think having Aiko around could prove to be bad?

A. The robot could replace her.

B. The robot can do more than she does.

C. The robot makes a mess in the house.

D. The robot can speak human language.

4.What could be the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To introduce a robot.

B. To argue against robot?making.

C. To show her fights with robots.

D. To describe the daily life of a working mother.

You may know the saying: An apple a day keeps the doctors away. A recent study by the Chinese University of Hong Kong has discovered another saying: An apple a day keeps old age away.

The study involved fruit flies, as they share many genes with humans. Researchers gave one group of fruit flies normal food, and another group of fruit flies got the same food including apple.

The results showed that flies that ate apple lived an average of 55 days longer than the flies that didn’t eat apple. The study also found that apple-eating flies were more able to walk, climb and move about as they became old, the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry reports.

The researchers believe that the antioxidants (抗氧化剂) found in apples are good for health.

In another experiment, researchers studied the diets of thousands of women. They found that those women who often ate apples were 20 percent less likely to have a heart attack.

Scientists have recently discovered the apple’s genetic code. This allows scientists to make new kinds of fruit that are healthier. Researchers are already using this information to grow apples with added antioxidants. Antioxidants help to keep eyes and joints (关节) healthy and protect against heart attacks and cancer.

Apples that help people lose weight may be in supermarkets in just four or five years. They are said to be “extra healthy” apples that can stop people from overeating.

1.Fruit flies were used in the research because_______.

A. they are very easy to catch B. they are fond of eating apples

C. they can live longer than before D. they share similar genes with humans

2.By studying the diets of many women, researchers _______.

A. found they are healthier than men

B. helped them lose weight successfully

C. discovered the genetic code of the apple

D. proved apples were good for people’s health

3.From the story, we can infer that _____.

A. scientists are studying new types of apples

B. apples’ genetic code is similar to other fruits

C. women like to eat apples more often than men

D. people who eat apples are protected from heart disease

Music is often thought of as “easy” or “play time”,but it's not that at all.Music plays a very important part in our education.Students who learn music learn a lot of music history at school.This includes “modes(调式)”,which were used in churches during the development of music.They are still used today.Students learn about the historical events that were taking place when the music they play was written.They learn what the music was used for.So much of our culture is in music and has been for centuries.Music also helps with science.Students use science to help them discover what sounds good together and what doesn't.Students also need science to understand something called the “overtone series”,which is about how music is produced by vibration(颤动)and why.Students learn a lot about languages.Many songs are written in other languages,including ancient ones.Students must learn to translate these works to understand what they are singing about.Some songs are famous poems or short works set to music.Students learn a huge amount of coordination(协调)through music,so parts of the body can work better together.Students must use fine motor skills in order to play an instrument.Singers and players must learn breath control and be in good shape to play.

Students learn about art.Some famous pieces were written about important works of art,and students learn about the artists and styles as they're playing the music.Music education also brings higher thinking to our children.It allows them to think about complex patterns (How can I make my part sound better?How do this music and these different parts fit together?).Students have to know absolutely what every other musician does at all times.In that way,it develops teamwork.As one can see,music is very important to education besides bringing us fun.

1.Learning music is helpful to the following subjects EXCEPT________.

A. science B. language

C. politics D. history

2.Students who learn music have to translate songs________.

A. because they are learning the language

B. because they must understand what they are singing about

C. because the songs are ancient ones

D. because they are famous poems

3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Modes are still used in modern music.

B. Different kinds of music show different cultures.

C. It's easier for athletes to learn to play an instrument.

D. A good musician should know the importance of teamwork.

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The importance of music.

B. The importance of music education.

C. Ways to learn music well.

D. Skills music students should have.

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