题目内容

【题目】

—Look at these black clouds. It ______ soon.

—Sure. If only we ______ out.

A. is raining didn't come

B. is to rain; won't start

C. will rain; haven't started

D. is going to rain; hadn't come

【答案】 D

【解析】 be going to 可表示根据某种迹象判断将要发生某事,用在句中正合语境。结合语境可知后句表示对过去的虚拟,要是我们没有出来就好了,应用过去完成时。

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【题目】There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own ideas of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.

For some peoplesimply being able to live their life with the least misery and sufferings is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his simple life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of him and accepted by his family and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.

A wise man once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration (挫折with his own professional success, “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown,” The man added, "You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really likeand to which you have given your best effort.

【1】According to the first paragraph, what is implied as basic in achieving success?

A. Ability and goals. B. Goals and determination.

C. Ability and environment. D. Goals and environment.

【2】Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ______.

A. their life is busy and miserable

B. they haven't reached their own standards

C. they set their goals at too low a level

D. they are not rich in material possessions

【3】From the last paragraph we can tell that ______.

A. success means achieving great goals

B. success comes from great goal setting

C. success means efforts and favorites pay off

D. success has nothing to do with the distance of your travel

【4】The purpose of the passage is ______.

A. to give us a clear definition of what success is

B. to talk about how to achieve success

C. to state what our life goal is

D. to discuss the importance of goals

【题目】Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.

She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.

The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.

This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认 知的)tasks not because they aren’t clever enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.

The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.

【1】What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A.The design of Dr. Carter’s research.

B.The results of Dr. Carter’s research.

C.The purpose of Dr. Carter’s research.

D.The significance of Dr. Carter’s research.

【2】According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?

A.Those that have more experience.

B.Those that can avoid potential risks.

C.Those that like to work independently.

D.Those that feel anxious about learning.

【3】Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.

B.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.

C.Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.

D.Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.

【4】Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ______.

A.storing information

B.learning from each other

C.understanding different people

D.travelling between social groups

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