Question

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with people from around the world. This means that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Spelling and grammar became fixed and the dialect （方言）of London became the standard. In 1604, the first English dictionary was published.
The numbers of words in Early Modern English and Late Modern English differ. Late Modern English has a lot more words because of two main factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.
From around 1600, the English colonization(殖民地化)of North America resulted in the creation of American English. Some English pronunciation and words froze when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that the British call “ Americanisms” are in fact original （原先的）British expressions that were preserved (保存) in the colonies but were lost in Britain. Spanish also had an influence on American English, with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English. French words and West African words also influenced American English.
Today, American English is the most influential(有影响力的). But there are many other kinds of English around the world, including Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English , Indian English and Caribbean English. They have differences.
【小题1】What can we know from Paragraph 1?

A．The dialect of London became the standard in the year 1604.

B．Vowels were pronounced longer towards the end of Middle English

C．The first English dictionary was published in the early 17th century.

D．Many new words entered English because many people moved to Britain.

【小题2】From Paragraph 2, we know that the Industrial Revolution __________.

A．required spelling and grammar to be fixed

B．required a greater number of English words

C．caused many old English words to be useless

D．led to the English colonization of North America.

【小题3】The underlined word “froze” in Paragraph 3 shows that some English words in America___________.

A．became longer	B．greatly changed
C．a little changed	D．stayed as they were

【小题4】What will the paragraph following this passage most probably discuss?

A．The development of Modern English

B．How the English vocabulary became larger

C．Differences among the different kinds of English

D．Differences between Middle English and Modern English

Answer 1

【小题1】C
【小题2】B
【小题3】D
【小题4】C

解析试题分析：这篇文章讲述了从中世纪末开始，英语人开始和全世界的人类接触，英语发生了很大的变化，随着英国人在北美建立了殖民地，逐渐就产生了美式英语，如今，全世界范围有着很多不同种类的英语。
【小题1】细节判断题。根据文章可知，16世纪开始，英国人开始和全世界的人接触，这样就会有很多的新单词进入英语，1604年，第一本英语字典出版了。文章并没有说在1604年，伦敦方言变得标准了。故选C
【小题2】细节题。根据文章firstly, the Industrial Revolution created a need for new words;可知，工业革命引起了对新单词的需求。故选 B
【小题3】推断题。根据文章Some English pronunciation and words froze when they reached America.可知，当英国人到达美洲时，一些英语发音和单词被继承了下来。故选D
【小题4】推断题。文章最后一段讲述的是如今全球有着很多种类的英语，他们之间都是有区别的，接下来的话就会具体讲述不同英语之间的区别。故选C
考点：社会历史类说明文
点评：高考中对科普类题目会有所涉猎，是属于比较难的题型，平时的练习中要注意积累此类题型的答题方法。本文围绕英语发展的历史进行说明，解答此类型的文章，首先对文章的写作线索有个掌握，对于诸如细节题较多的题目，结合题目的关键字在文章中准确定位，找出正确的答案。