题目内容

阅读理解
     Cut out part of a healthy person's liver and transplant it into a sick person--it sounds like a
complicated and dangerous operation , not to mention very expensive. But it is sometimes the
only possible cure for a seriously ill patient with liver disease.
     Until now British scientists have just announced a new stem cell technique, which allows them
to grow healthy liver cells outside human bodies. According to the researchers, it could be another
five to 10 years before the technique can actually be used to help patients with liver disease.
However, they say the method might one day replace liver transplants altogether. The study was
led by the University of Cambridge and the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, a British genomics
and genetics research institute. It was published in the journal nature on October 12,2011.
     The researchers took skin cells from a patient with a mutation (变异) in a gene called
alphal-antitrypsin (a-l抗胰蛋白酶). This gene makes a protein that protects our bodies against
inflammation (炎症). People with changed or damaged alphal-antitrypsin are not able to release
the protein correctly from the liver, so the protein is trapped there and eventually leads to liver
cirrhosis (肝硬化).
     Scientists then used an advanced technique to cut away the faulty section of DNA from a stem
cell and replace it with a corrected one, according to the journal. The stem cells went on to produce
fresh and healthy liver cells with normal protein levels. Scientists put the new liver cells into mice
and found that they worked very well.
     Stem cells are the life source of all other cells in the body. They could transform medicine,
providing treatment for blindness, spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries. They could also be
used to produce new cells for damaged organs.
     David Lomas, a Cambridge biology professor who worked on the team, said: "If we can use a
patient's own skins cells to produce liver cells that we can put back into the patient, we may prevent
the future need for transplantation. "

1. what is the best title of this passage?

A. How to transplant liver for patients
B. A new way to transplant livers for patients  
C. The difficulty in curing liver patients
D. New life for liver patients

2. The first paragraph is written to _______.

A. show how difficult it is to cure liver disease  
B. tell us what a liver transplant involves    
C. introduce a potential cure for liver disease
D. show how serious liver disease can be

3.Why do some people get liver cirrhosis according to the article?

A. Because their bodies are lacking in alphal-antitrypsin.
B. Because their skin cells are not able to protect against inflammation.
C. Because the alphal-antitrypsin in their bodies is changed or damaged.
D. Because their liver releases too high a level of protein.

4. According to British scientists, liver transplant might ___________.

A. become history sooner or later
B. be replaced by a new stem cell technique in five years
C. be the only possible cure liver disease in the future
D. be prevented in the future

5. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Stem cells can keep liver cells healthy and fresh.    
B. Equaling medicine, stem cells can cure blindness, spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries
C. Stem cells can replace the damaged organs.
D. All other cells in the body can't work well without stem cells
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阅读理解

　　Do you know something about tree rings?Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like, sometimes even hundreds of years ago?

　　A tree will grow well in a climate with lots of sunshine and rainfall．And little sunshine or rainfall will limit(限制)the growth of climate by studying the tree rings．For example, to find out the weather of ten years ago, count the rings of a tree from the outside to the inside．If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year．If it is near to the eleventh ring, then the climate that year was bad．

　　Tree rings are important not only for studying the history of weather but also for studying the history of man．Many centuries ago there lived a lot of people at a place in New Mexico．But now you can find only sand there－no trees and no people．What happened?

　　A scientist studied the rings of dead trees there．He found that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings．As all the trees had gone, the people there had to move．

(1)

________ in good climate．

[　　]

A．

Tree rings grow far from each other

B．

Tree rings become thinner

C．

Trees don’t need sunshine or rainfall

D．

People can cut down most of the trees

(2)

The scientists are interested in studying tree rings because tree rings can tell ________．

[　　]

A．

whether a tree was strong or not

B．

whether people took good care of the trees or not

C．

whether the climate was good or not

D．

how old the trees were

(3)

If you want to find out the weather of twenty years ago,you should study ________．

[　　]

A．

the twentieth ring

B．

the tenth ring

C．

the nineteenth ring

D．

the twenty first ring

(4)

Why did people usually live in places with lots of trees?

[　　]

A．

Trees could tell the change of the weather．

B．

Trees brought lots of sunshine and rain．

C．

Trees could make weather not too hot or too cold．

D．

Trees could be used for burning and for building house．

(5)

The people had to leave the place in New Mexico because ________．

[　　]

A．

bad weather stopped the growth of trees

B．

they no longer had water and the land became sand

C．

they didn’t have enough trees for burning

D．

there was too much rain there


第三部分　阅读理解（共两节。满分30分）
第一节：（共11小题；每小题2分，满分22分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On a recent morning in Clearwater, Florida, Maja Kazazic jumped down into water. From a distance, the dolphin seemed friendly enough. Still, Kazazic felt a little panic slide into her excitement. In spite of her fear, she felt strong wearing her new leg.
In second grade in Bosnia, Kazazic lost her cousin, Jasmina. Kazazic promised she would honor Jasmina by swimming with a dolphin, an animal that both girls loved. “Jasmina never got the chance to do it,” says Kazazic, “so I decided that someday I’d do it for her.”
However, in 1993, during the Bosnian civil war, Kazazic was badly injured. Her left leg was cut just below the knee and she received her first artificial(人工的) leg in the US. Because there was so little bone left, and with her right leg also damaged, walking was rather painful, but she managed to graduate from college. She was able to play golf or tennis.
Then one day a young dolphin, Winter, who had lost her tail, caught Kazazic’s eye. Trainers were fitting Winter with a high-tech tail. When they were done, Winter dashed off through the water.
Kazazic was excited. If she can do this, there’s no way I can’t, she thought. Within ten days, she had a new leg with the help of the inventor. Eight months later, Kazazic was ready to keep the promise. “After being in a war, this should be a piece of cake,” Kazazic said as she lowered herself into the tank. Then and there the two went on an hour-long swim around the pool.
When Kazazic climbed out, she quietly said, “I feel like I owed(欠) somebody something, and now I’ve paid my debt.” Out in the parking lot, she got into her car and cried till she lost her voice.
52. Which of the following might serve as the best title of the passage?
A. Kazazic’s Promise.              B. Jasmina’s Death.
C. Kazazic’s Debt.                           D. A Dolphin’s Tail.
53. What does the underlined word “panic” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Fear.          B. Surprise.        C. Excitement.    D. Satisfaction.
54. Which is the correct order of the following events?
a. Kazazic was treated and received a new leg in the US.
b. Kazazic made a promise to swim with a dolphin.
c. Jasmina died in Bosnia when Kazazic was in second grade.
d. Kazazic overcame difficulties and carried out her promise.
e. Kazazic was badly injured in her legs during the war.
A. b, c, e, a, d     B. b, e, c, d, a      C. c, b, e, a, d      D. c, e, b, d, a
55. Kazazic cried in her car after she swam with the dolphin because ______.
A. she was sad her cousin couldn’t do it with her.
B. she was excited her promise had come true.
C. she was afraid she would lose the other leg.
D. she was proud she didn’t owe money to anybody.


第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
I began to work as a salesgirl in a department store. I got there that morning and was introduced to all the salesmen and saleswomen. Throughout the day,one of the salesmen talked with me.I thought we might become friends.That evening after work we went out for dinner. We sat together and talked,but our numbers were never exchanged.
Around 10 pm I began my 2-hour drive back. For the first part of the drive I was thinking to myself how stupid I had been for not giving him my number. Then all of a sudden, when I had gone around a corner I was completely over in another lane(车道).There was no time to even hit the brakes（刹车）. I hit at once. The police came and cut the top of my car off to get me out. They sent me to the hospital quickly.
My mother got there late that night, and saw me lying in the emergency room. The next morning, mom called the manager and told him what had happened, and that I would be in the hospital for a long time. A few hours later, I received a phone call--- it was the guy（小伙子） I hadn’t given my number. Well, he came to visit me that night and the next night. We spent a lot of time together.
It was months before I would be walking and driving again, but he’d sit by me. I don’t think I could have pulled through it without him. Now I can walk freely, and just this
week we are planning on getting married one year after the day we met. It’s just amazing
how a tragedy like a car accident could bring about such a wonderful relationship!
56.The car accident happened because______.
A.the girl drank a lot before driving
B.it was so dark that the girl couldn’t see very clearly
C.another car appeared on the girl’s lane suddenly
D.the girl didn’t drive with great care
57.We can infer that the girl __________.
A.couldn’t say anything at hospital
B.would lose her job in the store
C.was badly injured in the accident
D.was careless with making friends
58.The guy got the news that the girl was in hospital possibly from ________.
A.the manager    B.the girl’s mother    C.the doctor     D.the girl herself
59.The girl thought that ________.
A.a traffic accident might bring good luck
B.it was the car accident that brought about their marriage
C.a true friend is one who helps you in need
D.there was true love and friendship in the world

 

第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)

   When my first wartime Christmas came, I was in basic training in New Jersey and not sure if I could make it home for the holidays. Only on the afternoon of December 23 was the list of men who would have three-day passes posted. I was one of the lucky soldiers. It was Christmas Eve when I arrived home, and a light snow had fallen. Mother opened the front door. I could see beyond her, into the corner of the living room where the tree had always stood. There were lights, all colors, and ornaments shining against the green of a pine. "Where did it come from?" I asked.

    "I asked the Gates boy to cut it," my mother said. "I wouldn't have had one just for myself, but-such a rush! He just brought it in this afternoon…" The pine reached to the proper height, almost to the ceiling, and the Tree Top Krystal Star was its place. A few green branches reached about a little awkwardly at the side, I thought, and there was a bit of bare trunk showing in the middle. But the, tree filled the room with warm light and the whole house with the pleasant smell of Christmas.  "It's not like the one you used to find." my mother went on. "Yours were always in good shape. I suppose the Gates boy didn't know where to look. But I couldn't be fussy(挑剔的)."

    "Don't worry," I told her. "It's perfect." It wasn't, of course, but at the moment I realized something for the first time: all Christmas trees are perfect.

1. From para. 1, we can infer that        .

   A. the writer spent his first wartime Christmas at home

   B. Not all the soldiers were allowed to go home for Christmas

   C. all the soldiers would have three-day passes for Christmas

   D. the writer could not go home for Christmas

2. When the writer got home,         .

   A. it was December 23

   B. it was snowing heavily

   C. he found a Christmas tree in the living room

   D. the Gates boy was cutting a Christmas tree

3. "All Christmas trees are perfect", because they can remind you of        .

   A. the wartime                    B. the green of a pine

   C. the pleasant moment             D. the sweet home

4. The best title for this passage would be "        ".

   A. How to Choose a Christmas Tree

   B. How Soldiers Spent Christmas

   C. A Perfect Christmas Tree

   D. A Christmas Without a Tree

 

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