题目内容

Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history．

Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers，for food，for sport，and simply because they were in the way．Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever．Hundreds more are on the danger list today．About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.

Why should people care? Because we need animals．And because once they are gone，           

                   .  

Animals are more than beautiful or interesting or a source of food．Every animal has its place in the balance of nature．Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems．

For example，when farmers killed large numbers of hawks，the farmers' stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice．Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice．With no hawks to keep down their numbers，the rats and mice multiplied quickly.

Luckily，some people are working to help save the animals．Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem．And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.

Quite a few countries have passed laws．These laws forbid the killing of any animals or plants on the danger list.

1. What is the best title for the passage? (within 10 words)

                                                                                      

2. Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (within 10 words)

                                                                                      

3. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

A few organizations collect money to make people aware of the problem.

                                                                                        

4. Translate the underlined sentence.   

                                                                                        

5. Do you think the number of the animals in danger will be increased? Why or why not? (within 30 words)

_________________________________________________________________________

1．Animals in Danger/Save Animals

2. there will never be any more/they will never come back/we human beings will be in danger

3. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem．

4. 一直以来，人们宰杀动物来获取它们的毛皮，吃它们的肉，或者有时作为陪练，甚至仅仅因为它们碍事（就猎杀它们）。

5. I do not think the number will be increased，because some people and groups are helping save the animals. Quite a few countries have passed laws, which forbid the killing of any animals on the danger list. (The answers vary.)

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Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠) .It’s too bad that humans can’t hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did.

Apparently, at times in the past , peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation . So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end.

In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radio’s The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb.

When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though.  Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours’ uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.

In the past , without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as ”The Watch” It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals ,although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours .

According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder .It is normal . Humans can experience another state of consciousness  around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning .This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people .The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison , used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.

Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous  ,as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn’t help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night’s continuous sleep, which sounds natural ; however, according to Warren’s theory，it is really the opposite of what we need.

67.The example of the French peasants shows the fact that________.

  A. people might become lazy as a result of too much sleep

  B. there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habits

  C.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weather

  D. winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end

68. The late night was called “The Watch”because it was a time for people______.

  A. to set traps to catch animals

  B. to wake up their family and neighbours

  C. to remind others of the time

  D.to guard against possible dangers

69. What does the author advise people to do ?

  A. Sleep in the way animals do.

  B.Consult a doctor if they can’t sleep.

  C.Follow their natural sleep rhythm.

  D.Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.

70.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A.To give a prescription for insomnia.

B.To urge people to sleep less.

C.To analyze the sleep pattern of modern people.

D.To throw new light on human sleep.

Funny animals is a term used in comics and animated cartoons __________ the animals are given human characteristics.

A．whereB．thatC．whyD．as

 The huge Florida wetland known as the Everglades is a slow-moving river 80 kilometres wide but only a few centimeters deep. People call the Everglades a “river of grass” because sawgrass covers most of it. Sawgrass is not really grass. It is a plant that has leaves edged with tiny sharp teeth that can easily cut through clothes—and skin!

Travel in the Everglades is difficult. You cannot walk through shallow water because the sawgrass will cut you. The water is too shallow for regular boats. So, we use an airboat. An airboat is a flat, open boat. Like an airplane, it has a big propeller to move it. The propeller is fixed on the rear of the boat. It makes a tremendous noise, but it does the job. The boat skims along the water’s surface. Although we can still get lost in an airboat, at least we are above the alligators(短吻鳄).

While hundreds of different kinds of animals live in the Everglades, the most famous is surely the alligator. Once endangered, alligators are now protected within Everglades National Park. Visitors are likely to see them both on land and in water.

For a long time, dangers have threatened the Everglades. Around 1900, some people felt this precious wetland should be drained (排干). They said it was just a big swamp and not good for anything. In the 1920s, there was a land boom in Florida. People wanted to build homes everywhere, including in the Everglades. They built canals, levees (防洪堤) , and other water systems that stopped the rivers flowing into the Everglades. Factories were built near rivers that flowed into the wetland. These factories dumped poisonous waste that damaged the Everglades ecosystem.

? People are now working to preserve the Everglades National Park for the future. Right now, one big problem is the paperbark tree. This tree is an invader from Australia.

Paperbark trees soak up a lot of water. In the early 1900s, people brought them to Florida because they thought they would help drain the Everglades. However, the invaders adapted too well. Paperbark trees have taken over hundreds of thousands of acres of the Everglades and killed other trees. Scientists are cutting down these invaders or spraying them with herbicides (除草剂) to kill them. ?

1.Which helps to explain why it is difficult to travel in Everglades?

A．Airboats may make a very big noise.

B．You may get lost when passing through.

C．Paperbark trees soak up too much water there.

D．Many different kinds of animals are to be protected.

2.Why do people use airboats instead of normal boats?

A．They have big propellers to move them faster than alligators.

B．The propeller makes loud noise so as to scare alligators.

C．Their flat bottom can skim along the water surface.

D．They can watch alligators without hurting them. ?

3.The following measures were taken to drain the Everglades except that people______. ?

A．built canals and levees to stop the rivers flowing into Everglades?

B．built factories near rivers that flowed into the wetland?

C．brought Paperbark to soak up water in Everglades?

D．are cutting down these Paperbark trees?

4.The underlined word "invader" probably means something______. ?

A．that moves in from another place

B．that enters and takes control?

C．that has been brought in?

D．that is in danger?

 

Some mammals migrate（迁徒）. One of these is the caribou（驯鹿）. They travel to the tundra（苔原）every summer to eat the rich grasses that grow there. When the weather becomes cooler, they migrate to the warmer forests and spend the winter there. Another mammal that migrates is the humpback whale. They spend the winter in Hawaii, and the summer in the Arctic（北极的）waters. They travel to the Arctic to eat millions of small shrimp（虾）.

Anther habit that some animals have to survive the cold winter is called hibernation. Animals that hibernate, rest or sleep during the winter. While they are hibernating, their bodies use up the fat layer that they have put on by eating large amounts of food during the summer. Some animals that hibernate in the Arctic are small animals called lemmings（旅鼠）, squirrels（松鼠）and bears.

There are two habit adaptations that animals in the Arctic have all year round. These are called herding and pack life. Caribou are example of animals that live in herds. A herd is a group of animals that lives together for most, or all of their lives. A herd of caribou can have a thousand or more animals in it. They live in herds for protection. It is easier for caribou to protect themselves when they are together than it is when they are alone. This is because the meat-eaters hunt in packs.

A pack is a small group of animals that lives together. It is usually controlled by a head male and a female. All the members of the pack must obey them. Packs have a very definite social structure. Each animal in a pack has a different position, or importance. Animals in a pack are usually meat-eaters. They live together for protection and hunting purposes.

1.According to the first paragraph, the humpback whale         .

A. travels to the Arctic for shrimp in summer

B. spends the winter in the Arctic

C. lives in Hawaii in summer

D. has the same living habits as the caribou

2.What kind of animal doesn’t hibernate in the Arctic?

A. The caribou.                    B. The bear.           C. The squirrel.             D. The lemming.

3. Caribou live in herds in order to         .

A. use up their fat layer        B. find food        C. protect themselves     D. hunt in packs

4. What do we know about pack life according to the last paragraph?

A. Animals in pack are usually grain-eaters.

B. All animals are in an equal position in a pack.

C. It is either controlled by a head mate or by a female.

D. Each animal has its own different role in a pack.

 

Research advances over the past decade have told us that, with a little work, we humans can clone just about anything we want, from frogs to monkeys and probably even ourselves!

    So, we can clone things, but why would we want to?

    Of all the reasons, cloning for medical purposes has the most potential to benefit large numbers of people. How might cloning be used in medicine?

    1. Cloning animal models of disease

    Much of what researchers learn about human disease comes from studying animal models such as mice. Often, animal models are genetically engineered to carry disease-causing mutations(变异) in their genes. Creating these transgenic（转基因的） animals is a time-intensive process that requires trial-and-error and several generations of breeding（培育）. Cloning technologies might reduce the time needed to make a transgenic animal model, and the result would be a population of genetically identical animals for study.

    2．Cloning stem cells(干细胞) for the treatment of diseases

    Stem cells are the body's building blocks, responsible for developing and repairing the body throughout life. As a result, they might be used to repair damaged or diseased organs and tissues. Researchers are currently looking up cloning as a way to create certain human stem cells for the research of diseases.

   3. Cloning farm animals for drug production

    Farm animals such as cows, sheep and goats are currently being genetically engineered to produce drugs or proteins that are useful in medicine. Just like creating animal models of disease, cloning might be a faster way to produce large herds of genetically engineered animals.

1.From Purpose One, we can infer that       .

    A．most transgenic animals are clone

    B．most animals carry engineered genes

    C．most transgenic animal models are not cloned

    D．most animals carry disease-causing mutations in their genes

2.It can be learned from Purpose Two that cloning technologies can be mainly use do     .

    A．create damaged or diseased organs and tissues

    B．clone genetically defined human stem cells

    C．develop and maintain the body

    D．repair the body throughout life

3.According to Purpose Three, cloning technologies can be mainly used to       .

    A．speed up the producing of genetically engineered animals

    B．produce drugs or proteins that are useful in medicine

    C．raise genetically engineered cows, sheep and goats

    D．produce large herds of animals for human beings

 

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