题目内容

Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. When a person does a certain thing again, he is impelled(推进，敦促)  by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly; thus a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we should pay great attention to the formation (形成) of habits. Children often form bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live. Older persons also form bad habits as long as they live, and sometimes become ruined by them..
There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are of great help. Many successful men say that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, such as early rising, honesty and thoroughness(周详).
Among the habits which children should not form are laziness, lying, stealing and so on. These are all easily formed habits. Unfortunately older persons form habits which ought to have been avoided.
We ought to keep from all these old habits, and try to form such habits as will prove good for ourselves and others

  1. 1.

    Habits, whether good or bad, are formed_______, _______ everyone knows

    1. A.
      day by day; and
    2. B.
      gradually; as
    3. C.
      gradually; that
    4. D.
      century after century; as
  2. 2.

    Why should we pay much attention to the formation of habits?

    1. A.
      Because habits are of great help to every one of us
    2. B.
      Because a man can never get rid of a habit
    3. C.
      It is because we are forced to do them again and again
    4. D.
      It is because it’s hard and even not possible to smooth them away
  3. 3.

    The bad habits formed by __________

    1. A.
      children sometimes stay in all their lives
    2. B.
      older people sometimes can kill them
    3. C.
      persons sometimes can remain with them
    4. D.
      younger people sometimes can break them
BDA
1.细节题：从第一段的句子：Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed.可知习惯是逐渐养成的。选B
2.细节题：从文章的句子：it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we should pay great attention to the formation (形成) of habits.可知是因为习惯是不可能消除的选D
3.推理题：从第二段的句子：Children often form bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live.可知孩子形成的坏习惯会伴随终身。选A
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As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That’s partly because most people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and put more effort, to achieve those goals.
What’s far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting. Newspapers convey daily accounts of goal-setting widespread in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street, yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long-advocated practice of setting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis, and immoral behavior in general.
“Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to put more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in immoral behaviors,” says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn’s Wharton School. His paper, titled “Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Over-Praised Goal Setting,” appears in the February issue of the Academy of Management Perspectives.
“It turns out there’s no financial benefit to just having a goal---you just get a psychological benefit” Schweitzer says. “But in many cases, goals have financial rewards that make them more powerful.”
A major example Schweitzer and his colleagues give is the 2004 breakdown of energy-trading giant Enron( 德国安然公司), where managers used financial rewards to motivate salesmen to meet specific goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is that the actual trades were not profitable. 
Other studies have shown that burdening employees with unrealistic goals can force them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears（西尔斯公司）placed a sales quota (销售限额) on its auto repair staff. It inspired employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.
Schweitzer admits his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that praises the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have argued with his team’s use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-praised.
In a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Locke writes: “Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot grow without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can grow without goals to provide a sense of purpose.”
But Schweitzer argues the “evidence” linking goal-setting and harmful behavior should be studied to help draw attention to issues that deserve attention and further investigation. “Even a few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects,” he says.
The debate is likely to get heated on in future papers, and the practice of setting goals no doubt will continue. For now, though, the lesson seems to be to put more thought into setting goals.
“Goal-setting does help motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful management, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harmful to the organization,” Schweitzer says

  1. 1.

    What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by mentioning the example of Enron?

    1. A.
      Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success
    2. B.
      Businesses are likely to succeed without realistic goals
    3. C.
      Companies are certain to meet specific goals with financial rewards
    4. D.
      Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power
  2. 2.

    How did Sears’ goal-setting affect its employees?

    1. A.
      They had to work more hours to increase their sales
    2. B.
      They competed with one another to attract more customers
    3. C.
      They turned to immoral practice to reach their goals
    4. D.
      They improved their customer service on a companywide basis
  3. 3.

    The underlined words “runs counter to” (Paragraph 7) can be replaced by ________

    1. A.
      agrees with
    2. B.
      goes against
    3. C.
      fits in with
    4. D.
      applies to
  4. 4.

    What is Edwin Locke’s argument against Schweitzer?

    1. A.
      The practice of setting goals only helps people to develop
    2. B.
      Goal-setting is of no use motivating people to accomplish their tasks
    3. C.
      The positive effects of goal-setting outweigh its negative effects
    4. D.
      Studying goal-setting can contribute to successful business practices
  5. 5.

    According to the passage, the author tries to convey ___________

    1. A.
      the goals that most people set are unrealistic
    2. B.
      all people can improve their work quality by setting goals
    3. C.
      setting goals can provide people with a sense of purpose
    4. D.
      people should not ignore the negative effects of goal-setting

On the first day of my new high school, I almost had a nervous breakdown. Everything about the school seemed so difficult. When I got home, my parents said, “You're nervous and that's okay. Everyone is afraid of high school.” I denied it. I wanted to be strong, so I refused to let anyone know about my fear, even my closest friends.
On the first day I was late for every class and was constantly lost. The school seemed like a puzzle that I couldn't figure out. Was this how the whole year was going to be? I didn't think I could rise to this challenge, especially carrying a huge backpack that I could hardly lift. It was so big that I could knock someone out with it! The schoolmates seemed to regard me as a fool, and they were probably right.
Despite my fears, after the first week I finally had my schedule figured out. With the exception of falling up and down the stairs a couple of times and getting laughed at, high school was turning out to be not so bad. It was actually much better than middle school and much more challenging.
Since then, I've been elected vice monitor of my class, which wasn't much of a victory since only three people ran for the four positions.
It is normal to be scared about a new school. Take a deep breath and relax. High school is something that any student can overcome. Make sure you participate in some out­of­class activities because you'll find it easier to make friends. Try to do your best, even if it isn't straight A's.
Most important of all, be who you are, whether you're a “fool”， an athlete, or a lower grader. Don't try to pretend to be someone you're not. Now you know the true secrets of high school

  1. 1.

    The main reason for the author's fear on his first day is that ________

    1. A.
      he was unable to work out the puzzle
    2. B.
      his schoolmates were unfriendly to him
    3. C.
      he was not familiar with the new surroundings
    4. D.
      his schoolbag was too heavy for him to carry
  2. 2.

    From the author's first day experience we can infer that ________

    1. A.
      his home was far from the school
    2. B.
      he got to school before classes began
    3. C.
      he was fond of the school immediately
    4. D.
      he didn't know the right way to class
  3. 3.

    After his first week at school, the author ________

    1. A.
      was still not accustomed to the schedule
    2. B.
      gradually adjusted himself to the new school
    3. C.
      found high school not so challenging as he had imagined
    4. D.
      ran for monitor of his class against three other students
  4. 4.

    According to the passage, the secret of the author's success lies mainly in ________

    1. A.
      making more friends
    2. B.
      getting more A's at school
    3. C.
      being who he really is
    4. D.
      joining in out­of­class activities

The most important use of drifting (漂流) bottles is to find ocean currents. When the position and direction of currents are known, ships can use the forward movement of a current or stay away from currents that would carry them off their course. Benjamin Franklin was one of the first to use bottles in the study of currents. He wondered why British mall ships needed a week or two longer than U.S. ships needed in order to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Franklin thought the Gulf Stream (墨西哥湾流) might explain this difference.
Franklin talked with captains of U.S. ships. He found that they knew each turn of the Gulf Stream. They used the current in every possible way. From his talks with the captains. Franklin made his first map of the Gulf Stream. Then he checked his map by using sealed (密封的) bottles. The map that he finally made is still used, with only a few changes, today

  1. 1.

    Why are drifting bottles used?

    1. A.
      To determine the position of a ship
    2. B.
      To carry message across the ocean
    3. C.
      To predict the direction of a ship
    4. D.
      To find the direction of a current
  2. 2.

    What led Franklin to talk with U.S. captains?

    1. A.
      U.S. ships were longer than British ones
    2. B.
      British ships could sail the Atlantic faster than U.S. ones
    3. C.
      U.S captains knew more about maps
    4. D.
      U.S. ships could sail the Atlantic faster than U.S. ones
  3. 3.

    What did Franklin make after his talks with U.S. captains?

    1. A.
      A map of the Atlantic Ocean
    2. B.
      A map of the Gulf Stream
    3. C.
      A map of ocean currents
    4. D.
      A map of his first voyage
  4. 4.

    What did Franklin do in order to make an exact map?

    1. A.
      He compared his own map with other maps
    2. B.
      He talked with many U.S. captains
    3. C.
      Both B and
    4. D.
      He used drifting bottles to check his map

One stormy night many years ago, an elderly man and his wife entered the hall of a small hotel in Philadelphia. Trying to get out of the rain, they came to the front desk hoping to get some shelter for the night.
“Could you possibly give us a room here?” the husband asked.
The clerk, a friendly man with a winning smile, looked at the couple and explained that there were three conventions in town.“All of our rooms are taken,” the clerk said.“But I can’t send a nice couple like you out into the rain at one o’clock in the morning. Would you perhaps be willing to sleep in my room? It’s not exactly a suite, but it will be good enough to make you folks comfortable for the night.”
When the couple declined, the young man pressed on.“Don’t worry about me; I’ll make out just fine.” the clerk told them. So the couple agreed.
As he paid his bill the next morning, the elderly man said to the clerk,“You are the kind of manager who should be the boss of the best hotel in the United States. Maybe someday I’ll build one for you.” The clerk looked at them and smiled. The three of them had a good laugh. As they drove away, the elderly couple agreed that the helpful clerk was indeed exceptional, as finding people who are both friendly and helpful isn’t easy.
Two years passed. The clerk had almost forgotten the incident when he received a letter from the old man. It recalled that stormy night and enclosed a round—trip ticket to New York, asking the young man to pay them a visit.
The old man met him in New York, and led him to the corner of Fifth Avenue and 34th street. He then pointed to a great new building there, a pale reddish stone, with turrets and watchtowers thrusting up to the sky.“That,” said the older man,“is the hotel I have just built for you to manage.”“You must be joking,” the young man said.“I can assure you I am not,” said the older man, a sly smile playing around his mouth.
The older man’s name was William Waldorf Astor, and that magnificent structure was the original Waldorf—Astoria Hotel. The young clerk who became its first manager was George C.Boldt. This young clerk never foresaw the turn of events that would lead him to become the manager of one of the world’s most glamorous hotels

  1. 1.

    The purpose of the author writing this story is to_______

    1. A.
      give people a good laugh
    2. B.
      cover some facts
    3. C.
      promote the business of Waldorf—Astoria Hotel
    4. D.
      deliver a lesson
  2. 2.

    Which of the statements about the story is NOT true?

    1. A.
      The story took place at about one a.m
    2. B.
      The old couple was too poor to afford a luxurious room
    3. C.
      The clerk was willing to help those in need
    4. D.
      The clerk received an unexpected invitation from the old man
  3. 3.

    The underlined word “conventions” in Para.3 can be replaced by_______?

    1. A.
      rooms
    2. B.
      suites
    3. C.
      meetings
    4. D.
      hotels
  4. 4.

    Which of the following proverbs suits the story the best?

    1. A.
      Every little thing helps
    2. B.
      Make hay while the sun shines
    3. C.
      Man proposes； God disposes(处理,决定)
    4. D.
      One good turn deserves another

‘Student Voice’ is a student-run education conference discussing education in the 21st century. This event aims to gather the views and opinions of students not only in Victoria and Australia, but around the globe. On Sunday 29 July 2012 students will discuss a series of questions regarding the role of education in the 21st century. By the end of the day they will hopefully have comprehensive answers to be shared with schools around the state and maybe even the world.
Students from Preshill would like to invite a group of 5-10 students from your school to participate in this free forum（讨论）. The event is being held on Sunday 29 July 2012 from 10am-2.30pm at the Hawthorn Town Hall, 360 Burwood Rd, Hawthorn. They are inviting students who are enthusiastic on any of our topics of discussion to present a keynote speech on the day.
If you can’t make the day, they welcome your written or recorded thoughts on our questions, which will be on display at the event.
The topics for discussion:
Key Question: What is the ideal 21st century education?
1. Is it a school’s place to teach ethics, values, morals, confidence, self-esteem?
2. What are the effects of a uniform national curriculum(课程)?
3. How can we make education more engaging?
4. Should students be compared and ranked against each other?
5. What is the place of social networking and new media technology in education?
6. What is the best way to determine student knowledge?
Visit their Facebook page (see below) for updates, to communicate with organizers and other participants, and to indicate your interest in making a keynote speech.
The Student Voice Organizing Committee Facebook Page URL:
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Student-Voice-The-Student-Education-Conference/101834233239391?sk=info

  1. 1.

    What is the aim of the Student Voice Conference?

    1. A.
      To gather students' ideas about education and share these ideas with schools
    2. B.
      To discuss the ideal 21st century education with students
    3. C.
      To invite some students to participate in a free forum about education
    4. D.
      To create a chance for students to communicate with each other
  2. 2.

    Who can participate in the Student Voice conference?

    1. A.
      Anyone working on education
    2. B.
      Students only from Australia and Victoria
    3. C.
      Students who are free on Sunday 29 July 2012
    4. D.
      Any student interested in education in the 21st century
  3. 3.

    Which of the following topics will be discussed in Student Voice conference?

    1. A.
      How to carry out the ban on drunk driving
    2. B.
      The development of international economics
    3. C.
      The effects of a uniform national curriculum
    4. D.
      Advantages of shopping on line
  4. 4.

    How can you communicate with the organizers ?

    1. A.
      By telephone
    2. B.
      By writing letters
    3. C.
      By visiting their Facebook Page
    4. D.
      By email

A new generation addiction is quickly spreading all over the world. Weboholism（醉心于网络）, a twentieth century disease, affects people from different ages. They surf the net, use e-mail and speak in chat rooms. They spend many hours on the computer, and it becomes a compulsive habit. They cannot stop, and it affects their lives.
Ten years ago, no one thought that using computers could become compulsive（强迫性的）behavior that could affect the social and physical life of computer users. This obsessive behavior has affected teenagers and college students. They are likely to log on computers and spend long hours at different websites.
They become hooked on computers and gradually their social and school life is affected by this situation. They spend all free time surfing and don’t concentrate on homework, so this addiction influences their grades and success at schools. Because they can find everything on the websites, they hang out there. Moreover, this addiction to websites influences their social life.
They spend more time in front of computers than with their friends. The relation with their friends changes. The virtual（虚拟的）life becomes more important than their real life. They have a new language that they speak in the chat rooms and it causes cultural changes in society.
Because of the change in their behavior, they begin to isolate（孤立 themselves from the society and live with their virtual friends. They share their emotions and feelings with friends who they have never met in their life. Although they feel confident on the computer, they are not confident with real live friends they have known all their life. It is a problem for the future. This addictive behavior is beginning to affect the whole world

  1. 1.

    The main idea of the passage is about _______

    1. A.
      the cause of weboholism
    2. B.
      the advantage of weboholism
    3. C.
      the popularity of weboholism
    4. D.
      the influence of weboholism
  2. 2.

    The underlined work “obsessive” in the second paragraph most probably means “______”

    1. A.
      attractive
    2. B.
      addictive
    3. C.
      professional
    4. D.
      potential
  3. 3.

    We can infer from the passage that ________

    1. A.
      weboholism has the greatest effect on teenagers
    2. B.
      students can hardly balance real and virtual life
    3. C.
      people are addicted to games on the Internet
    4. D.
      virtual life is more vivid and attractive anyway
  4. 4.

    Which of the following is NOT true of weboholism?

    1. A.
      It contributes to the development of the web
    2. B.
      The chat room language may change social culture
    3. C.
      The problem will be getting more and more serious later
    4. D.
      People addicted to the web often become inactive in real life
  5. 5.

    The author’s attitude towards weboholism is that of being ________

    1. A.
      optimistic
    2. B.
      positive
    3. C.
      oppositive
    4. D.
      acceptable

Beach volleyball is one of those sports that can be an exciting game to play and watch, or, can just be about some friends getting together to have a great time. It’s really easy, and all you need is sand, a net and a group of people, of any age or fitness level, who want to have fun.
Beach volleyball can be played with as few as two people on each team, making a total of four people. However, if you are less skilled and experienced in the game, it will be easier to play with a larger team. The more players you have, the less ground each person will be responsible(负责)for covering and the more time they will have to recover in between shots. If you only have a few players, each of you will get quite a workout running for the ball after each volley. If you are looking for that relaxing, fun, low-key experience, choose larger teams.
Beach volleyball is similar(相似)to regular volleyball in its rules. However, even experienced volleyball players do not realize how much more difficult it is to run and jump on sand. Since it is harder to move quickly on sand than a hard ground, play will be much slower than regular volleyball on a playground. When a player trains for beach volleyball, he will focus(专注)on building lower body strength as well as upper body. While he needs to be able to hit the ball with a great deal of power and accuracy(准确性), strengthening his legs is extremely important.
Whether you are in it for the competition, or just to have a great time with your friends, beach volleyball can be very exciting and fun. You may even start out with friends and fall in love with the sport

  1. 1.

    When you join a large beach volleyball team, you’ll______.

    1. A.
      have as many shots as possible
    2. B.
      improve your volleyball skills
    3. C.
      be responsible for more ground
    4. D.
      feel light-hearted(轻松)while playing
  2. 2.

    Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

    1. A.
      You can hit the ball with much less power when playing beach volleyball
    2. B.
      The playground size of beach volleyball is much larger than that of regular volleyball
    3. C.
      You can run more quickly when you are playing regular volleyball
    4. D.
      The rules of beach volleyball are totally different from those of regular volleyball
  3. 3.

    What does the writer think of beach volleyball?

    1. A.
      It is a difficult sport to learn
    2. B.
      It is a very exciting and interesting sport
    3. C.
      It is a sport which needs less power
    4. D.
      It is a sport which needs more skills
  4. 4.

    Why is it much slower to play beach volley ball than regular volleyball?  Because ______.

    1. A.
      it is not an easy job to move on sand
    2. B.
      it is a workout running for the ball
    3. C.
      it is usually a larger team
    4. D.
      the beach volleyball is heavier
  5. 5.

    The passage mainly tells us ______.

    1. A.
      the game of beach volleyball
    2. B.
      how to become an excellent volleyball player
    3. C.
      why beach volleyball is one of exciting sports
    4. D.
      what we should pay attention to when playing beach volleyball


Living in a modern society with more and more out-of-date but still useful computers, many people have to face such a troubling problem: How to deal with those old computers? Some old ones are put away in homes. Many more are just thrown out with the rubbish.
Don’t worry! Some companies are coming up with new ways to cut the number of old computers. Sony, Dell, Hewlett-Packard and other companies now agree to take back some old computers.
In some countries, there are laws about what to do with old computers. By law, computer companies will have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay the cost. That will encourage them to make computers that are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade（升级）.
While many people are throwing away good computers, others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organizations（组织）are working to solve this problem. They collect and repair old computers before sending them to schools, charities（慈善团体）and people who need them. In this way, we can turn one person's rubbish into someone else's useful things-and cut down on waste.

  1. 1.

    What do many people do with old computers?

    1. A.
      They sell them to others
    2. B.
      They try to repair them
    3. C.
      They give them to others
    4. D.
      They stop using them
  2. 2.

    According to laws in some countries mentioned in the passage, computer companies must______.

    1. A.
      recycle most of their products
    2. B.
      make their computers cheaper
    3. C.
      repair and upgrade old computers
    4. D.
      collect all their used products
  3. 3.

    The last paragraph mainly tells us that hundreds of organizations are working to ______.

    1. A.
      help the computer companies to collect old ones
    2. B.
      repair old ones and send them to whoever needs them
    3. C.
      advise people not to throw away good computers
    4. D.
      encourage people to turn rubbish into useful things
  4. 4.

    What is the main idea of this passage?

    1. A.
      How to repair old computers
    2. B.
      Avoid producing too many computers
    3. C.
      Encourage to recycle old computers
    4. D.
      How to turn rubbish into useful things

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