Many people believe the glare(炫目的光)from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, with dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness ,when exposed to several hours of“ snow light”.

  The United States army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow -covered country. Rather ,a man’s eyes frequently find nothing to focus on (聚集) in a broad space of snow- covered without- grass land. So his gaze continually moves and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding something, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become tired and the eye muscles ache. Nature makes up for this discomfort by producing more and more fluid (流 体) which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until it makes eyes difficult to see dearly, and the result is total, even though for a short time, snowblindness.

  Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts(侦察兵)ahead of the troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow - covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark - colored objects ahead on which they can focus too. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching the snow -blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time. the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a continuous white land is overcome.

To prevent snowblindness caused by the strong light from snow, wearing glasses or not ________.

  A. depends on whether the snow is white enough

  B. makes no difference

  C. makes much difference

  D. depends on whether the snow is thick

When the eyes are tired, tears flow out ________.

  A. to clear the vision

  B. to make the eyes stop searching

  C. to make the vision unclear

  D. to produce more and more liquid

Snowblindness can be avoided ________.

  A. by moving one’s gaze back and forth

  B. by walking ahead and keeping looking around

  C. by making up for the discomfort of one’s eyes

  D. by providing the eyes with something to focus on

 Many people believe the glare(炫目的光)from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, with dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness ,when exposed to several hours of“snow light”.

  The United States army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man’s eyes frequently find nothing to focus on(聚集)in a broad space of snow-covered without-grass land. So his gaze continually moves and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding something, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become tired and the eye muscles ache. Nature makes up for this discomfort by producing more and more fluid(流体)which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until it makes eyes difficult to see dearly, and the result is total, even though for a short time, snowblindness.

  Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts(侦察兵)ahead of the troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they can focus too. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a continuous white land is overcome.

To prevent snowblindness caused by the strong light from snow, wearing glasses or not _____.

  A. depends on whether the snow is white enough     B. makes no difference

  C. makes much difference                      D. depends on whether the snow is thick

When the eyes are tired, tears flow out ______.

  A. to clear the vision                             B. to make the eyes stop searching

  C. to make the vision unclear                      D. to produce more and more liquid

Snowblindness can be avoided ________.

  A. by moving one’s gaze back and forth

  B. by walking ahead and keeping looking around

  C. by making up for the discomfort of one’s eyes

  D. by providing the eyes with something to focus on

任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

On the morning of Apr. 20, different from any other Saturdays, a powerful earthquake which measured 7.0 magnitude occurred in Ya’an, Sichuan Province. The quake happened close to the area where 70,000 died when another powerful hit took place in 2008. The 4.20 earthquake shook Sichuan with 208 people missing or dead. Nearly 14, 000 are reported to have been injured. Thousands of buildings collapsed, leaving victims homeless. Water and electricity supplies were cut off, which left concerns about the welfare of the survivors. In Lushan, where the most of the damage was concentrated, facilities of communication broke down. Victims lost contact with the outside world.

All the country have been shocked at the tragic news. Numerous relief is pouring in from all over China to the victims of the Lushan earthquake. Governments of all levels have taken some efficient measures to relieve the impact of earthquake. On Sunday, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang made it to the worst-stricken Lushan, issuing several statements to ensure rescuing the buried and other injured people. Meanwhile, he visited some of those being treated for their injuries in the temporary hospitals set up with an open-air emergency facility. Rows of Red Cross tents are now home to some of the thousands left homeless by this deadly earthquake. State media says thousands of troops along with volunteers help with the rescue operation and to hand out supplies.

People from across the country are called on to donate to relieve and help rebuild the earthquake-hit area. Lots of students ranging from university students to kindergarten kids have given away their pocket money just to do their own bit in this relief campaign. Hong Kong special government at first proposed to donate 100 million HONG Kong dollars, which was rejected by some of members of government’s parliament(议员), who questioned whether China’s Red Cross could put every cent into practical use honestly, for in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake China’s Red Cross failed to make it clear how they spent the charity money. Anyway the proposal was at last passed on May 3. At the same time, China’s Red Cross, determined to make a bit change, promised to give a detailed account of where every cent would go.

 

Title

Ya’an Earthquake

Time

April 20, 2013

Outbreak

A powerful earthquake    1.    7.0 magnitude hit Ya’an, Sichuan Province.

Destruction

The quake    2.    over 200 people’s lives, leaving 14,000 people    3.   .

Thousands of buildings    4.   down, making thousands of people homeless.

Water and electricity supplies were cut off.

   5.  

measures

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang made several statements to ensure the    6.    of the victims.

Volunteers throughout the nation along with troops are participating in helping to    7.   supplies.

Donation

A nationwide donation campaign has been    8.  .

Some of Hong Kong members of parliament questioned the    9.    of China’s Red Cross.

HK donation proposal was    10.    passed as China’s Red Cross promised to report its expending charity money.

 

 

 

Many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”. The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. A man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain(地域). So his long look continually moves and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offers this discomfort by producing more and more liquid which covers the eyeball. The liquid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision became not clear, and then is not easily seen and the result is total, even though not very long, snowblindness.

Experiments led the Army to a simple method of solving this problem. Scouts, ahead of a main body of troops, are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their eyes focus on a bush and have something to see. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is solved.

1. The first paragraph is mainly concerned with ________.

A. need for dark glasses      

B the whiteness from snow

C. headaches, watering eyes and snowblindness 

D. snow glare and snowblindness

2. According to the author, recent work on snowblindness shows that it is caused by ________.

A. exposure to bright light

B. failure to focus on an object

C. a loss of vision which doesn't last long

D. focusing on dark colored objects for a very long time

3. Suppose you walk across a completely snow-covered area, what should you do to solve the problem of snowblindness?

A. By wearing dark sun glasses.

B. By throwing an extra pair of black shoes ahead.

C. By asking the Army for help.

D. By walking backwards.

4. A suitable title for this passage would be ________.

A. Snowblindness and How to avoid it     B. Soldiers in Snow  

C. Nature's Cure for Snowblindness       D. Snow Vision

 

 

Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”. The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren (少植被的) snow-covered terrain (地形). So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature eases this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs (模糊), then is obscured (遮蔽), and the result is total, even though temporary, snow-blindness.

Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.

1. To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark

glasses are _________.

A. indispensable and essential   B. useful                       C. ineffective      D. available

2. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _________.

A. balance the pain                                                       B. treat snow-blindness 

C. clear the vision                                                            D. loosen the muscles 

3. Snow-blindness may be avoided by _________.

A. concentrating on the solid white terrain

B. searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain

C. providing the eyes with something to focus on

D. covering the eyeballs with more fluid 

4. The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to _________.

A. prevent the men behind losing their way 

B. beautify the landscape of the terrain

C. warm themselves in the severe cold

D. give the men behind something to see

5. A suitable title for this passage would be _________.

A. nature's cure for snow-blindness       B. snow-blindness and how to overcome it

C. soldiers marching in the snow          D. snow vision and its effect on eyesight

 

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