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  Cooking food over a smoky fire is found everywhere in the world. It is often difficult to. find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. However,there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun. Solar cookers,or ovens,have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made the first solar oven in 1767. Today,people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world. People use solar ovens to cook,food and to heat drink?ing water to kill bacteria and other harmful organisms.

  There are three kinds of solar ovens. The first is a box cooker. It is designed with a special wall that shines or reflects sunlight into the box. Heat gets trapped under a piece of glass or plastic covering the top of the cooker. A box oven is effective for slow cooking of large amounts of food.

  The second kind of solar oven is a panel (嵌板式) cooker. It includes several flat walls,or panels,which directly reflect the sun's light onto the food. The food is inside a separate container of plastic or glass that traps heat energy. People can build panel cookers quickly and with very few supplies. They do not cost much. In     Kenya,for example,panel cookers are being manufactured for just two dollars.

The third kind of solar oven is a parabolic (拋物线的) cooker. It has rounded walls that aim sunlight directly into the bottom of the oven. Food cooks quickly in parabolic ovens. However,these cookers are hard to make. They must be reaimed often to follow the sun. Parabolic cookers can also cause burns and eye injuries if they are not used correctly.

  You can make .solar ovens from boxes or heavy paper. They will not catch fire. Paper burns at 232 degrees Celsius. A solar cooker never gets that hot. Solar ovens cook food at low temperatures over long periods of time. This permits people to leave food to cook while they do other things.

  To learn more about solar cooking,you can write to Solar Cookers Internation?al. The postal address is 1919 21st Street,Sacramento,California 95811-6827,USA. Or you can visit the group's Internet website. The address is www. solarcooking,org.

1. When was the first solar cooker invented?

   A. About 1767 years ago. B. More than 300 years ago.

   C. More than 250 years ago. D. Less than 250 years ago.

2. In which of the following columns could we find the passage?

   A. Development Report. B. Agricultural Report. C. Health Report. D. Education Report.

3. Which of the following is TRUE?

   A. The first solar oven was made by a Swiss soldier.

   B. Parabolic cookers can be dangerous sometimes.

   C. Solar ovens often get hotter than 232°   C.

   D. It is more expensive to cook with a solar oven than on fire.

4. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?

   A. Different ways of cooking   B. The history of the solar cookers

   C. How to choose solar cookers   D. Cooking meals with the sun for fuel

  A teenager realized her dream of becoming a professional model three years af?ter a serious car accident.

  Marita Davies was on her way home from a party when the crash happened. The car that Marita took as a passenger was going the wrong way and crashed into another car driven by a drunken driver named David Hudson,which left her with a broken leg and back. It took the firefighters more than two hours to free the teenager from the damaged car before she was taken to hospital. Marita was in a wheelchair for a year after being bedridden for nine months.

  Marita feared her dream of a modelling career was over. She said, "I was ex?tremely upset and shocked when I knew about my terrible injuries. I thought my dream of becoming a model was over. My leg and back were broken. The crash had broken my confidence and I became quiet and spent less time with other people. I was 16 ,and at that age all I wanted to do was to go out with my friends."

  But as her health took a turn for the better,Marita finally came out of the wheelchair and learned to walk. She decided she would still try to follow her dream,and sent some photos off to some modelling agencies. She did a few unpaid jobs while studying at college. Soon,paid commercial modelling jobs started coming in. Marita was a bit doubtful at first,because the crash had left her with huge scars on her leg and back. She was worried that people wouldn't want her to model for them,but this didn't stop her.

  Marita had done amazingly well to overcome everything that had been thrown at her in the three years. Finally,Marita became a professional model in 2013. She was signed up for advertising campaigns and appeared in TV ads.

5. When did the accident happen?

   A. In 2008.   B. In 2009.   C. In 2010.   D. In 2011.

6. Who should be to blame for the accident?

   A. Marita Davies.

   B. David Hudson.

   C. The driver of the car that Marita took.

   D. Both of the drivers involved in the accident.

7. How did Marita feel when modelling jobs became available to her?

   A. Lucky. B. Satisfied.

   C. Surprised. D. Unconfident.

8. The passage is intended to       .

   A. prove modelling is a promising career

   B. warn people not to drive after drinking

   C. suggest having a dream is a good thing

   D. praise Marita's spirits to overcome difficulties

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