题目内容

A full stop is used at the end of an idea or thought, and is an important rule in proper grammar. But text messages are changing the rules, as a new study finds digital messages ending with one aren't sincere. The results suggest skipping punctuation altogether, as it indicates you are answering naturally and heartfelt.

Binghamton University’s Harpur College observed 126 students, who read a series of messages displayed as texts on a screen or handwritten notes on loose-leaf paper(活页纸). In the 16 experimental exchanges, the sender’s message contained a statement followed by an invitation phrased as a question such as, “Dave gave me his extra ticket. Wanna come?” The receiver then gave a one-word response like “Okay”, “Sure”, “Yeah” or “Yup”. Half of the participants’ responses were with a full stop and the other half did not use it. Based on the responses, text messages that ended with a full stop were rated less sincere than those that did not end with one. The students who read the notes on the paper reported that full stop or not, they felt the message was sincere. These results suggest that punctuation can misconstrue or influence the meaning of text messages. The study concludes, “ not so much that the full stop is used to convey a lack of sincerity in text messages, but that punctuation is one of the cues(提示) used by senders, and understood by receivers, to convey practical and social information.

“Texting is lacking many of the social cues used in actual face-to-face conversations”, said Celia Klin, associate professor of psychology at Binghamton University’s Harpur College. “When speaking, people easily convey social and emotional information with eye gaze, facial expressions, tone of voice, pauses, and so on. People obviously can't use these mechanisms when they are texting. Thus, it makes sense that texters rely on what they have available to them -- emoticons, deliberate misspellings that mimic speech sounds(拟声) and, according to our data, punctuation. ”

Recently, Klin’s team conducted a follow-up study and found that text response with an exclamation mark(感叹号) is interpreted as more sincere. “That’s not surprising, but it broadens our claim,”saidKlin. “Punctuation is used and understood by texters to convey emotions and other social and practical information. Given that people are wonderfully good at communicating complex information in conversations, it’s not surprising that as texting evolves, people are finding ways to convey the same types of information in their texts. ”

1.According to a new study in the first paragraph, digital messages with punctuation indicate you are ______.

A. impolite B. insincere C. heartfelt D. natural

2.The underlined sentence in the passage means that ______.

A. the full stop conveys a lack of sincerity in text messages

B. to show sincerity, people shouldn’t use punctuation in text messages

C. punctuation can’t influence the meaning of text messages

D. punctuation actually conveys practical and social information in a way

3.Compared with face-to-face conversations, which of the following can text messages rely on to convey their meaning?

A. Eye contact B. Tone of voice C. Emoticons D. Gestures

4. Which of the following agrees with Celia Klin’s opinion?

A. Conversations rely on the same expression way as text messages.

B. Texters may find more ways available to convey the same information.

C. Text response with an exclamation mark sounds more insincere.

D. Punctuation is only used to convey emotions.

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Homestay UK/Great Britain

Here you will find a selection of homestay hosts and host families in the UK.If you want to learn more about the British host family of your choice, please click on information at www.Homestaybooking.Com.You will then see a personal introduction of the UK homestay host.If you don’t want to search yourself, just register for free and receive our matching recommendations.

Chika and Tara from London, the United Kingdom

Information about the homestay host

Chika is 28 years old.She is away from home most of the time.Tara is 18 years old.She is at home every day.They both speak English.

Chika and Tara’s guests can stay for at least 5 nights and up to a maximum of 365 nights.Chika and Tara have no children living at home.It is a non-smoking residence(住宅).No pets live in this household.

Information about the homestay accommodation

The accommodation is in London.The name of the neighborhood is Greenwich.The distance to the city center is 1.6km.The next access point to public transport is at 15 m distance.

Three guests can stay in Tara and Chika’s house at the same time.The following accommodation is generally available:

Single room with shared use of the family bathroom

*Size: 12.0 ㎡

*Facilities: desk, Internet access, mirror, hairdryer and wardrobe(衣橱)

*Price per night per person: £20.00 per night(one single)

Twin room with shared use of the family bathroom

*Size: 15.0 ㎡

*Facilities: TV, desk, Internet access, mirror, hairdryer and wordrobe

*Price per night per person:

£20.00 per night(one guest)

£17.00 per night(two guests)

The room charge includes the following services: Internet access, regular room cleaning, breakfast, free use of the washing machine.

Additional available service at an extra charge: Pick-up service(£60.00 one-way); Lunch(£6.00 per person per day); Dinner(£6.00 per person per night)

Vegetarian(素食的) meals are available.

1.Chika and Tara’s house would be a good choice for _______.

A.a pet lover

B.a heavy smoker

C.a person who eats no meat

D.one who needs a one-night stay

2.What do we know about Chika and Tara’s house?

A.It lies in the center of the city.

B.It is not far away from Greenwich.

C.Public transport is convenient there.

D.The distance from the house to London is 1.6 km.

3.If Mary chooses a twin room and pick-up service(two-way), how much should she pay per day?

A.£140. B.£137. C.£80. D.£77

The Children’s Book-Show Competition is a chance for young readers to be writers.

Reading, it seems, is coming back in fashion, if a survey by the famous National Literacy Trust (the NLT) is true. It shows that the percentage of children who admit enjoying reading has grown for the first time in the past 8 years.

So it’s a good time to launch a competition that includes a shed-load of new books for schools as prizes. The Children’s Book-show Competition, backed by The Independent, is taking to the roads again from the start of next term, with a nation-wide tour of 15 big cities, featuring a line-up of a dozen children’s writers and illustrators(插图画家)aiming to persuade pupils to follow their footsteps.

The competition, launched by the children’s writer and illustrator Jessica Souhami, has two categories: the under-nine’s and nine to 13-year-olds.

Children are asked to choose their favorite fairy or folk tale and set it in an extraordinary place.

Then they are to retell it with the aid of drawings and writings-whether it is set at sea, on a distant planet, in the future or in the past. The closing date for the competition is 30th November.

“Tell your tale in pictures and in words, ”say the organizers of the competition. “It can be in a picture book or comic-book format.”

The winner of each competition will receive a signed copy of a book by each of the 12 authors involved in this year’s tour, plus £150 worth of books for their school. The runners-up will receive a signed copy of Souhami’s new book.

1.What can we know about the Book-show Competition? _____

A. It will be held by the famous NLT.

B. It will be held in different cities.

C. It has never been organized before.

D. Children of all ages will join in it.

2.The underlined word “backed” in Paragraph 3 means_____.

A. started B. promoted

C. supported D. reported

3.What will be offered as a prize to schools? _________

A. Pictures and comic books

B. Books worth £150 in all.

C. Books signed by 12 authors.

D. Jessica Souhami’s new books.

4.The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to ______.

A. encourage young readers to become writers.

B. persuade all children to join in the competition

C. promote children’s books by famous writers.

D. introduce the Children’s Book-Show Competition

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