题目内容

Cheerleading is the fastest growing girls' sport，yet more than half of Americans do not believe it is a sport．Actually，competitive cheerleading is a sport．

A sport is a “physical activity against/with an opponent，governed by rules and conditions under which a winner is declared，and the primary purpose of the competition is a comparison of the relative skills of the participants．"Because cheerleading follows these guidelines，it is a sport．

Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activities．Like gymnasts，cheerleaders must learn to tumble (翻滚) ．They perform lifts and tosses．This is where the "flied' are thrown in the air，held by "bases" in different positions that require strength and cooperation with other teammates．

Just as basketball and football have guidelines for competitive play，so does competitive cheerleading．The whole routine has to be completed in less than 3 minutes and 15 seconds and the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area．

Competitive cheerleaders' goal is to be the best．Just like gymnasts，they are awarded points for difficulty，creativity and sharpness．The more difficult a mount，the sharper the motions，the better the score．Cheerleading is a team sport so without cooperation，first place is out of reach．

Cheerleading is the number-one cause of serious sports injuries to women．Emergency room visits for cheerleading are five times the number of those for any other sport，partially because they do not wear protective gear．While many athletes are equipped with hip pads or helmets，smiling cheerleaders are tossed into the air and spiral down into the arms of trusted teammates．The fliersmust remain tight at all times so that their bases can catch them safely．Also，because cheerleading is not yet recognized as a sport by many schools，neither proper matting nor high enough ceilings are provided to ensure safety．Instead，the girls use whatever space is available．More recognition of competitive cheerleading as a sport would decrease the number of injuries．

So why do many Americans not think cheerleading is a sport？Some people argue that cheerleaders are just "flirts in skirts" with their only job to entertain the crowd，but cheerleaders today work just as hard as other athletes．

Hopefully，cheerleading will become as well-known a sport as football and basketball，and even appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports．

1.What does the underlined word "bases" in Paragraph 3 refer to？

A． Strength and cooperation

B． Lifts and tosses

C． Supporting teammates

D． Physical activities

2.Gymnasts are mentioned in the passage to _________

A． explain the dangers of cheerleading

B． show their similarities with cheerleaders

C． suggest cheerleaders learn to do gymnastics

D． present the guidelines of gymnastic movements

3.It can be leamed from the passage that cheerleading _________

A． is a good sport for all people

B． lacks necessary guidelines to follow

C． is more than a form of entertainment

D． enjoys greater popularity than other sports

4.This passage is written mainly to _________

A． attract more girls to cheerleading

B． draw people's attention to cheerleading

C． call for more recognition of competitive cheerleading as a sport

D． criticize some Americans who do not think cheerleading as a sport

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The use of several senses gives the brain more connections and associations, making it easier ______ information later, which assists memory and learning.

A. find B. finding C. found D. to find

Sleep deprivation(缺失)is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests.

It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night. Sleep deprivation is such a serious problem that lessons have to be dragged down to a lower level to suit sleep-deprived learners, the study found. The international comparison, carried out by Boston College, found the United States to have the highest number of sleep-deprived students, with 73% of 9- and 10-year-olds and 80% of 13- and 14-year-olds identified by their teachers as being negatively affected.

In literacy(读写能力) tests there were 76% of 9- and 10-year-olds lacking sleep. This was much higher than the international average of 47% of primary pupils needing more sleep and 57% among the secondary age group.

Other countries with the most sleep-deprived youngsters were New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, England, Ireland and France. High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. Countries with the best records for getting enough sleep include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Japan and Malta.

The analysis was part of the huge date-gathering process for global education rankings, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS)

“I think we underestimate the impact of sleep. Our data show that across countries internationally, on average, children who have more sleep achieve higher in maths, science and reading. That is exactly what our data show,” says Chad Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center.

“It’s the same link for children who are lacking basic nutrition,” says Mr Minnich, based at the Lynch School of Education, Boston College. “If you are unable to concentrate, to attend mentally, you are unable to achieve at your best level, because your mind and body are in need of something more basic. Sleep is a fundamental need for all children. If teachers report such large proportions of children suffering from lack of sleep, it’s having a significant impact. But worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction.”

That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering.

1. What did the researchers of Boston College try to find?

A. Why children don’t get enough sleep

B. How many hours children sleep every night

C. The relationship between sleep and test results

D. The relationship between sleep and health

2.Many children suffer from sleep deprivation because _________.

A. they sit in front of the TV for too long

B. they can hardly sleep soundly and deeply

C. their homework occupies too much of their time

D. modern technological devices consume a lot of their time

3.Which of the following countries has the most sleep-deprived students?

A. Japan B. Malta

C. Finland D. Portugal

4.Why are children who get enough sleep also victims?

A. Because they are disturbed by sleep-deprived students

B. Because teaching is driven down by sleep-deprived students

C. Because they have to spend time helping sleep-deprived students

D. Because the teachers waste time disciplining sleep-deprived students

B

On behalf of the Obama family，I want to wish you a very happy Thanksgiving．

Like many of you． we'll spend the day with family and friends，catching up，eating some good food and watching a little football．Before we lift a fork，we lend a hand by going out in the community to serve some of our neighbors in need．And we give thanks for each other， and for all of God's blessings．We all share this day，united by the gratitude for the bounty（慷慨） of this nation．

And we welcome the contributions of all people-no matter their origin or color or beliefs-who call America home， and who enrich the life of our nation． It is a belief as old as our founding：“Epluribus unum” -- that out of many，we are one． We are reminded that this creed， and America itself was never an inevitability， but the result of ordinary people in every generation doing their part to uphold our founding ideals-by taking the blessings of freedom， and multiplying them for those who would follow．

As President Kennedy once wrote， even as we give thanks for all that we've inherited from those who came before us-“the decency（庄重，正派） of purpose， steadfastness（坚定）of resolve and strength of will， for the courage and the humility， which they possessed．” we must also remember that “the highest appreciation is not to utter words but to live by them．”

Today，we are grateful to all Americans who do their part to live by those ideals， including our brave men and women in uniform overseas and their families， who sacrifice so much to keep America safe．We are grateful to the countless Americans who serve their communities in soup kitchens and shelters，looking out for those who are less fortunate，and lifting up those who have fallen on hard times．

This generosity， this compassion， this belief that we are each other's keepers， is essential to who we are， not just on this day，but every day．It's easy to focus on what separates us．But as we gather with loved ones on this Thanksgiving， let's remember and be grateful for what ties us together．

Our love of country．Our commitment to justice and equality．Our belief that America's best days are ahead，and that her destiny is ours to shape-and that our inherited ideals must be the birthright of all of our children．

That's what today is all about： that out of many，we are one． Thank you， God bless you．

1.What makes America as it is today？

A．The blessings of God．

B．The persistent efforts of all Americans．

C．The contributions of people from different origin．

D．The bonus of World War II．

2.As is mentioned several times in the passage， the sentence “out of many， we are one” implies

A．although we come from different places， now we share the same culture．

B．onjy if we unite as one can we make a better world．

C．we are unique ones picked out by God．

D．among the many countries in the world， America is the best one to live in．

3.What's the purpose by referring to President Kennedy's saying？

A．To testify what we have today is inherited from our ancestors．

B．To emphasis the importance of giving thanks to our forefathers and fellows．

C．To remind people to share happiness with others．

D．To encourage every American to do their own part in building the country．

4.President Obama's speech is made to ．

①call on Americans to unite together and help each other

② raise money to help the people in need

③clarify how the Thanksgiving comes into being

④express thanks to those who serve people at home or abroad

A．①② B．③④ C．②③ D．①④

A 19-year-old teenager from Guangdong nicknamed Niko demanded an apology from Youku, which he believed violated their copyrights as it used his team's photos without ______.

A. commitment B. approval

C. recognition D. reservation

About an hour after sunrise，I rode across the countryside____birds were singing．

A． where B． which C． that D． when

Who would have thought to put a kite and a surfboard together? It may seem like an impractical idea, but a man named Cory Roeseler from Oregon believed that it would work, and introduced the idea in the 1980s．1. Over the next few years, other designers contributed to the style and shape of the board, resulting in a mixture of kiting and surfing, which is what kite surfing is today．

2. The power kite pulls a small board that is fastened to the surfer’s feet, and there is a harness (安全带) that goes around the surfer’s waist to make sure that the surfer stays connected to the board．The wind determines which direction would be easiest for the surfer to go in．Once the kite surfer is able to control the board and the kite, they can learn many tricks, such as turning, jumping, and so on． 3.

This sport can sometimes be potentially dangerous to other kite surfers, beachgoers, and the kite surfers themselves if they don’t know how the proper procedure is done．4. They can learn the techniques safely without putting themselves and others in danger．A good course should include basic operations, kite set-up, maintenance (维修) of equipment, weather planning, and emergency landings．These courses are available in almost all areas where kite surfing is popular．

5. Some popular destinations for kite surfing enthusiasts are South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia, but wherever there is wind, there will be kite surfers．You might even be able to see kite surfers on the beach closest you!

A．Kite surfing has become a mainstream sport．

B．Kite surfing is a difficult and dangerous sport．

C．The way it works is an application of simple physics．

D．The first design was with water skis powered by a kite．

E．It is also known as kite boarding, and in some European countries as fly surfing．

F．Therefore, it is highly recommended that people who want to participate in this sport attend a

course．

G．With the combination of the wind and the ocean, some kite surfers can go at top speeds while

flying over 20 feet in the air．

七选五

Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets as millions of new cars and trucks are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars and trucks with gas. 1.

Most Americans would find it hard to imagine what life would look like without cars. 2. . The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.

3. . That’s what several of the large car factories have been trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.

Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else. 4. . Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.

To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live. Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their total cars. They are encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle. Bicycling is thought to help the air clean. But this change does not come easily. A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. 5. .

Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.

A.Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars

B. Americans know cars very well.

C. However, some have realized the serious problems of the air pollution that is caused by cars.

D. One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute.

E. However, the number of vehicles has continued to increase in recent years.

F. Americans won’t live without cars!

G. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.

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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出改加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处。

As students, all of us will be faced a problem after passed the college entrance examination．Should we choose a good major and a good university first? Here are some different ideas．Some more prefer to choose a major first so they can learn that they are interested in．In this way they can put their hearts into study and got their favorite jobs in the future．Other believe that the environment is important to one’s develop and that graduates from key universities are more likely to find good jobs．

As long as I’m concerned, the best choice is a good university if we can’t obtain all.

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