Japanese doctors have used thin sheets of tissuefrom people’s cheeks repair damaged corneas. A team from Osaka University transplanted thin layers of cheek cells onto the eyes of four patients with a 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Japanese doctors have used thin sheets of tissue(肌肉组织)from people’s cheeks repair damaged corneas（角膜）. A team from Osaka University transplanted thin layers of cheek cells onto the eyes of four patients with a rare and painful eye condition，reports BBC online. Patients whose vision had been cloudy could see well afterwards，and the“new corneas”remained clear more than a year after the operation.

Doctors can also take cells from a healthy eye and grow them in a dish to produce a new cornea，or they can transplant corneas from donors（捐献者）. But these techniques may not work when both eyes are too badly damaged by accident or disease.

The team hope their work may help solve the problem and lead to other types of grow－your－own tissue transplants. The cornea is the clear layer of cells on the surface of the eye. It can be damaged by trauma（外伤）or by a range of diseases.

The team worked with four patients who had a painful condition that causes cloudy corneas and dry eyes. Often the eye can regenerate(再生) cornea cells but none of the four patients had this ability. The researchers took a 3 mm－wide square of tissue from inside the mouth（cheeks）and grew it into a thin layer in the lab. They used a special low temperature technique to separate a very thin sheet off each batch. They then laid that onto the patient’s eye. The cell layers stuck onto the eye and developed into tissue that looked and acted like a healthy cornea.

However，long－term follow－up and experience with a large series of patients is needed to assess the benefits and risks this method. Yet，“it does offer the potential（潜能）of treating severe eye diseases that are resistant to standard approaches，”said the head of the research，Kohji Nishida.

48. Now doctors can repair the damaged corneas with the following methods Except_______.

A. by using mouth tissue

B. by taking cells from a healthy eye and growing them in a dish

C. by transplant corneas from another person

D. by using finger tissue

49. If both eyes are too badly damaged，we can treat them _________.

A. only by using mouth tissue

B. by taking cells from a healthy eye and growing them in a dish

C. by transplant healthy corneas from donors

D. by none of the mentioned method

50. We can infer from the passage___________.

A. the new technique can be widely used in the operations

B. the new technique needs to be further tested

C. the new technique has more benefits than risks

D. any new technique has risks

51. Which of the following is the best title？

A. A new invention

B. A new technique

C. Mouth tissue can restore your vision

D. Transplanting can restore your vision

DDBC

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　　A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 2025.

　　A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three－hundred－thirty－five－million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty－eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

　　P－A－I researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three－thousand－million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.

　　Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

　　The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera, which are carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.

　　The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.

　　The report also says long－term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

1．According to the author's opinion, the first serious problem caused by lack of water is ________.

[　　]

2．Robert Engelman may be ________.

[　　]

3．________ may have severe water problem among the following countries.

[　　]

4．Which of the following is not the way to solve the water problem?

[　　]

A．To control population growth.

B．To teach people not to waste water.

C．To find ways to use water for only one purpose.

D．To use less water of agriculture.

5．Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

[　　]

A．How to get more water in the future.

B．Problems caused by water.

C．World water shortage.

D．A new study on water.

There is one foreign product the Japanese are buying faster than others and its popularity has caused an uneasy feeling among many Japanese.

That product is foreign words.

Gairaigo — words that come from outside － have been part of the Japanese language for centuries. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.

But in the last few years the trickle (涓涓流水) of foreign words has become a flood, and people fear the increasing use of foreign words is making it hard for the Japanese to understand each other and could lead to many people forgetting the good qualities of traditional Japanese.

“The popularity of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new,”says University Lecturer and Writer Takashi Saito.”By using a foreign word you can make a subject seem new, which makes it easier for the media to pick up.”

“Experts often study abroad and use English terms when they speak with people in their own fields. Those terms are then included in government white papers,” said Muturo Kai, president of the National Language Research Institute.”Foreign words find their way easily into announcements made to the general public, when they should really be explained in Japanese.”

Against the flow of new words, many Japanese are turning back to the study of their own language. Saito’s Japanese to Be Read Aloud is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.

“We were expecting to sell the books to young people,” said the writer, ”but it turns out they are more popular with the older generation, who seem uneasy about the future of Japanese.”

What advantages do foreign words have over traditional Japanese terms?

A. The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new.

B. Foreign words are best suited for announcements.

C. Foreign words make new subjects easier to understand.

D. The use of foreign words makes the media more popular.

In the opinion of Takashi Saito, Japanese people ______.

A. are good at learning foreign languages B. are willing to learn about new things

C. trust the media D. respect experts

Which of the following plays an important part in the spread of foreign words?

A. The media and government papers. B. Best-selling Japanese textbooks.

C. The interest of young Japanese. D. Foreign products and experts.

The book Japanese to Be Read Aloud ______.

A.sells very well in Japan

B.is supported by the government

C.is questioned by the old generation

D.causes misunderstanding among the readers

A new study（研究）warns that about thirty percent of the world’s people may not have enough water by the year 2025.

A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three hundred thirty-five million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

Population Action International researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three thousand million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet, the amount of water on earth stays the same.

Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera, which is carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.

The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth, It says countries can't provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

According to the writer’s opinion, the first serious problem caused by lack of water is ______.

A. health problem B. war C. economy D. industry

Robert Engelman may be _______.

A. an Englishman B. an American C. a Japanese D. an Australian

Which of the following is NOT the way to solve the water problem?

A. To control population growth

B. To teach people not to waste water.

C. To find ways to use water for only one purpose.

D. To use less water of agriculture.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. How to get more water in the future. B. Problems caused by water

C. The Lack of water D. A new study of water

There is one foreign product the Japanese are buying faster than others and its popularity has caused an uneasy feeling among many Japanese.

That product is foreign words.

Against the flow of new words, many Japanese are turning back to the study of their own language. Saito’s Japanese to Be Read Aloud is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.

“We were expecting to sell the books to young people,” said the writer, ”but it turns out they are more popular with the older generation, who seem uneasy about the future of Japanese.”

1.What advantages do foreign words have over traditional Japanese terms?

A. The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new.

B. Foreign words are best suited for announcements.

C. Foreign words make new subjects easier to understand.

D. The use of foreign words makes the media more popular.

2.In the opinion of Takashi Saito, Japanese people ______.

A. are good at learning foreign languages B. are willing to learn about new things

C. trust the media D. respect experts

3.Which of the following plays an important part in the spread of foreign words?

A. The media and government papers. B. Best-selling Japanese textbooks.

C. The interest of young Japanese. D. Foreign products and experts.

4.The book Japanese to Be Read Aloud ______.

A.sells very well in Japan

B.is supported by the government

C.is questioned by the old generation

D.causes misunderstanding among the readers

A study published Monday found that people who sleep less tend to be fat, and experts said it’s time to find out if more sleep will fight fatness.

“We’ve put so much emphasis on diet and exercise that we've failed to recognize the value of good sleep,” said Fred Turek, a physician at Northwestern University.

Monday’s study from Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk covered 1,000 people and found that total sleep time decreased as body mass index - a measure of weight based on height - increased.

Men slept an average of 27 minutes less than women and overweight and fat patients slept less than patients with normal weights, it said. In general the fatter subjects slept about 1.8 hours a week less than those with normal weights.

“Americans experience insufficient sleep and fat bodies. Clinicians are aware of the burden of fatness on patients,” the study said.

“Our findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may not be necessary, as an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night seems to be associated with a lower body mass index,” it added.

“We caution that this study does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between restricted sleep and fatness (but) investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship.”

The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine along with an editorial by Turek and Northwestern colleague Joseph Bass commenting on it and related research.

In an interview, Turek said some studies have shown sleep causes declines in an appetite suppressing protein hormone, and increases in another hormone that causes a longing for food. In addition neuropathies（神经疗法）in the brain governing sleep and fatness appear to overlap（重叠）, he said.

Patness has been rising dramatically in developed countries and reached epidemic（流行病） levels in the United States, it added, leading to a variety of health problems.

66. What’s the passage mainly about?

A. People who sleep less tend to get fat.

B. Fat people need lots of sleep to lose weight.

C. Sleeping has nothing to do with fatness.

D. Fatness has been rising dramatically in developed countries.

67. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. Lack of sleep causes declines in a desire limiting protein hormone.

B. Americans experience sufficient sleep and fat bodies.

C. The findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may be necessary.

D. Fatness has been rising dramatically in America.

68. Which of the following is NOT close to the underlined word suppress?

A. limit B. restrict C. accept D. control

69. According to the passage, which of the following people is the lowest possible one to get fatness?

A. Americans B. Chinese C. Japanese D. English

70. We can conclude the attitude of the author is according to the passage.

A. worried B. uninterested C. critical D. optimistic

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